Adilabad District

Head Quarters : Adilabad
Revenue divisions : 2 (Adilabad and Utnoor)
Mandals : 18
Population : 708,952
Area (km2) : 4,185.97
Rivers : Penganga, Kadem, Mathadivagu, Sathnala

The original name of the Adilabad was Edlabad during the rule of Qutub Shahis. Edla is a Gond word
for people in woods.Its name was changed to “Adilabad” by erstwhile Islamic ruler of Bijapur, Mohammed Adil Shah.
Adilabad, the northern most district of Telangana and is gateway to the South from Central India.
This district was divided into 4 new districts Adilabad, Mancherial, Nirmal, Komaram Bheem Asifabad.

Adilabad is bounded on the North by Yavatmal district and on North East by Chandrapur district, both of Maharashtra state, on East by Asifabad district (aka. Komaram Bheem district), on South East by Mancherial district, on South by Nirmal district and on West by Nanded district of Maharashtra state.
Natural Resources
coal, iron, limestone, Rivers and Forest.

Irrigation
Medium Irrigation
Mathadivagu project is an ongoing medium irrigation project constructed across Mathadivagu located near the Waddadi village, Thamsi Mandal, Adilabad District.
The scheme is intended to irrigate an ayacut of 8,500 acres benefiting 12 villages in part of Adilabad,Thamsi and Jainath mandals in Adilabad district. The project also provides drinking water supply to 12,500 population in the en-route villages.

Sathnala Project is constructed across Sathnala river near Kapna (V), Jainath(M), Adilabad District. The scheme is intended to irrigate an ayacut of 25000 acres benefiting Adilabad, Jainath & Bela mandals.

Medium Irrigation - Under Construction
Chanaka Korata on Penuganga river being constructed at a cost of 1,227 crore, is aimed to irrigate 50,000 acres.

The Lower Penganga Project is a Joint Project between the States of Maharashtra and Telangana on Penganga River, which is a tributary of Godavari River. The head works are located upstream of village Tadsaoli in Ghatanji Tabsil of Yavatmal District. It is proposed to irrigate an ayacut of about 2,37,600 Acres in Maharashtra and 40,000 acres in Adilabad District, Telangana.

Adilabad watersupply scheme from Mavala is worth mentioning because it runs on gravity, without the use 7of energy for pumping.It had become an citation to prepare project report to prepare water supply schemes to run on gravity to save alot of energy and there by cutting the costs of manufacturing potable water.

Adilabad Revenue Division Mandals - 14
Adilabad Urban
Adilabad Rural
Mavala
Gudihatnoor
Bajahatnoor
Bela
Boath
Jainath
Tamsi
Bheempur
Talamadugu
Neradigonda
Ichoda
Sirikonda

Utnoor Revenue Division Mandals - 4
Indervelly
Narnoor
Gadiguda
Utnoor


References:
1.Andhrula Charithra -telugu academy publication
2.official website of Adilabad district. @ adilabad.nic.in
3.Namaste telangana sunday special.
http://yellapucharitha.blogspot.com/p/blog-page_17.html

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Nalgonda District History

The history of Nalgonda dates back to the Palaeolithic age. On the basis of the gradual evolution of the lithic material, the pre-historic period is studied under the following heads.

Palaeolithic Age

During this period, Man fashioned his tools and weapons by chipping hard stones of convenient size and shape. This feature is testified by the findings of an extra-ordinarily interesting unifacial Palaeolithic implements of the Soan type at Yeleshwaram.

Neolithic Age

Traces of Neolithic culture were found at Chota Yelupu, where sling stones and other objects of interest were unearthed. The existence of Megalithic culture was revealed by the discovery of innumerable burials at various places like Tipparti, Nakrekal, Nalgonda etc.

300 BC - 185 BC : Mauryan Empire
The political history of the district commences with the Mauryas. Mauryas, during the reign of Asoka, the Great held their sway over this region. Later the region has come under the over lordship of Satavahanas


230 BC – 220 AD : Satavahanas ( Were vassals of Mauryan Empire)​
It was during this period the region established trade contacts with Roman empire.

220 AD - 250 AD :Ikshvaku Tribe
Ikshvakus attained control over the region and ruled with their capital Vijayapuri. During this period Sakas and Scythians settled in this region. Buddhism flourished during this period.

250 AD - 380 AD : Vakataka Dynasty

380 AD - 611 AD : Vishnukundins started as vassals to Vakatakas and became independent Kings.
Founder : Indravarma (380 AD - 394 AD)
Capitals : Amrabad in Mahaboonagar
Indrapala in Nalgonda

Bhuvanagiri in Yadadri Bhuvanagiri district
Keesaragutta in Rangareddy
Eluru, Amaravati in Andhra Pradesh
Languages : Telugu, Sanskrit
Religion : Hinduism (Vaisnavism) Ruled most of the Telangana region Rangareddy, Medak, Khammam, Karimnagar, Warangal, Nalgonda, Mahabubnagar

Like many other dynasties that rose to imperial power during 4th to 8th Century AD, the origins of Vishnukundina Dynasty are also shrouded with mystery.

All the inscriptions were written in sanskrit. Tummallagudem inscriptions have become the chief sources to reconstruct the dynasty.

Vishnukundin kings called as Sriparvateyas of the kings belonging to the Sri Parvata.

380 AD - 394 AD : Indravarma

Started his rule from Amrabad in current Nagarkurnool district and extended it to Bhuvanagiri, Ramannapeta in current Yadadri Bhuvanagiri district and Keesaragutta in current Medchal-Malkajgiri district.

394 AD - 419 AD : Madhavavarma I

His kingdom was limited to combined Nalgonda and Mahabubnagar districts. At that time remaining areas of Telangana was under the rule of Vakatakas.

419 AD - 456 AD : Govindavarman I
Tummalagudem Inscription issued by Govindavarman I in his 37th regnal year in the Telugu Month Vaisakha on Purnima (full moon) day.

37th Regnal Year villages named Ermadala and Penkaparu
In the formal portion of the grant (lines 13-26) it is stated that on the full moon day of the month of Vaisakha in the thirty-seventh regnal year of his own (atmanah) the king Govindavarman, being desirous of making a gift for the enjoyment of the Buddhist Sangha (line 20) granted for the merit of his own parents and of all living creatures (line 21) two villages named Ermadala and Penkaparu (line 23) with certain privileges (enumerated) in favour of the monastery built by his own chief queen Paramamahadevi (line 22). Both the jayanti (birth) as well as parinirvana (death) of the Buddha are to be celebrated on the Vaisakhi-Purnima day. Perhaps on that account the king. Govindavarman had chosen that auspicious day for his grant to the Buddhist monks.

456 AD - 504 AD : Madhavavarma II
Wife : Vakataka Princess Mahadevi
Ruled at least 48 years

504 AD - 508 AD - Devavarma
Devavarma ruled for a short period of time, died fighting with Simhavarman III of Pallava Dynasty during the rule of Vishnugopa II (c.500 - 525 A.D)

508 AD - 555 AD : Madhava Varma III
Ruled atleast 47 years

504 AD - 528 AD : Vikramendra Varman I
Son of Vakataka queen Mahadevi and Madhava Varma II

528 AD – 555 AD : Indra Bhattarakavarma or Indravarman II
Ruled at least 27 years

555 AD - 569 AD : Vikramendra Varman II

Vikramendravarman II is said to have adopted a certain Madhavaraja as his son. 

Queen Paramabhattaikamahadevi descended from the royal family known as Prithvimula, caused to be erected a monastery known after her own name Paramabhattaikamahavihara at Indrapura to display, as it were the wealth of Sri-Govindaraja. 

566 AD : Tummalagudem, Nalgonda.
Sanskrit and Southern Characters.
These records are present in Navodaya Samiti, Hyderabad. Both the Tumulaguda sets, written in Sanskrit language and Southern characters belong to the Vishnu Kundin dynasty. One of them, in characters of about the fourth-fifth centuries A.D., was issued in the thirty- seventh year of the reign of Maharaja Govindavarman, son of Maharaja Madhavavarman, and grandson of Maharaja Indra-varman. It records that the king granted two villages called Embudala and Penkapara to the vihara of the senior-queen (agra-mahishi) Parama-mahadevi. The other set refers itself to the reign of Vikramendra-bhattaraka Varman alias Uttamasraya and is dated in his eleventh regnal year and in Saka 488 (A.D. 566-67). It records the grant of the village Irundoro, by the king, to the same vihara built at Indrapura. It also refers to the defeat of the Pallava ruler Simha by Uttamasraya.

569 AD - 611 AD : Madhavavarma IV
Vishnukundina Empire expanded under its able ruler Janssraya Madhav Varma IV. He consolidated his position in Vengi. An incomplete work on Sanskrit poetics called Janasraya Chando Vichiti was attributed to Madhav Varma IV, who bore the title of 'Janasraya'. Generally, Sanskrit (not Telugu) enjoyed royal patronage under the Vishnukundins. Madhav Varma IV had to face the Chalukyan assault in his last years of rule.

Polamaru Grant by Madhavarman is dated in his 40th year. The day on which the grant was made was Phalguni Purnima on which lunar eclipse occurred. 

543 AD - 753 AD : Badami Chalukyas

753 AD - 982 AD : Rashtrakuta Dynasty

913 AD : Padaturu, Nalgonda, Nityavarsha (Indra III)
This Kannada inscription, engraved on a pillar, set up in front of Ramalingesvarasvami temple, belongs to the reign of Rashtrakuta king Nityavarsha (i.e., Indra III). It refers to mahasamanta Nurmadidhavala and to his subordinate chief Gommarasa, who was administering Kollipaka nadu-7000 division. Dated Saka 835, Srimukha (A.D 913), it registers the grant of several lands along with income from tax siddhaya by Chamangamunda, son of Aydamayya, to the temple raised by the former. Aydamayya is stated to have been ruling over Padaturu.

Velamaila, Nalgonda. : Out of four inscriptions engraved in the Hale-Kannada script and belonging to the Rastrakuta king Krishna, the two records the gift of lands to the Jaina basadi made by Ravichandra, a military officer of the king. 

982 AD - 1158 AD : Western Chalukyas (Kalyani Chalukyas)
Western Chalukyas of Kalyana, who exercised their sway over the present Nalgonda District with Kollipaka, Modern Kolanupaka as headquarters, situated in Bhongir taluk, Nalgonda district which was a subdivision of Kollipaka – 7000. 

The Western Chalukas exercised their authority in the district of Nalgonda, with assistance of number of Subordinate chiefs holding the rank of Mahamandaleshwar, besides a major feudatory family namely the Kanduri Cholas, with kanduru in Mahaboob Nager District as their headquarters apart from political and administration matters, these inscriptions furnish information about religious and economic aspects also.

In and around s Panagallu town, which was a trade centre during 11th century river Musi divided this area into two small kingdoms Eastern side of Musi region under the kingdom of Kalyanapura, while the Chalukya emperor Tribhavana malladeva was ruling victoriously, his subordinate Mahapradhana Govindarajulu who was ruling Kondapalli from 300 A.D. to 1123 A.D.

Panagallu had a great importance only because of Panaguallu tank. Which was built ambankments for the storage of rainy water. Stored water has been utilizing for agriculture, now drinking purpose. Panagallu was attracting by pilgrims, luggage transporters, who are taking rest and shelter at Panagallu per a period of timebeing, gradually this place became centre for traveller peoples & traders. 

1042 - 1068 AD : Someswara I

1049 AD : Sankaragandarasa was ruling over Kollipakanadu-20,00
Indraplangaram, Ramannapet Taluk, Nalgonda District. : [Rashtrakuta].
This inscription is on a pillar attached to the gate of the ruined temple at the foot of the hill. Partly built in. Seems to record the gift of wetland along with the income from siddhaya to the Jayadira-Jinalaya by the chief Ratta Sankaragandarasa bearing the epithets Jayadhira, Bhuvanaikarama, Abhimana-dhavala, Rattarameru etc. In characters of about the 10th century A.D. 

1088 AD - 1097 AD : Tonda II
Koppole, Nalgonda.
1092 AD : This inscription, engraved on a slab lying near a tank opposite the Muthyalamma temple, is in Telugu language and Characters and is dated in the Chalukya Vikrama era (year not specified) Angirasa (A.D. 1092-93). It registers a gift of land in the village Jalapattu for the upkeep of the lake at Kroproli and for the maintenance of the Rudresvaradevara-satra, on the occasion of Uttarayan-Sankranti, by Kanduri-Tondaya-Cholamaharaju. The gift was entrusted to Chilyakamti-Anamtasaka-Pandita.

1097 AD - 1104 AD : Mallikarjuna Choda
1098 AD : A number of newly-discovered inscriptions refer to the political conditions prevailing in the twelfth-thirteenth centuries A.D. Among these, mention may be made of the one from Vellala: dated in Saka 1020 (A.D. 1098) and written in Sanskrit language it refers to Mahamandalesvara Mallikarjuna of Kanduri Choda family and traces the genealogy of the family to Karikala and Eruva Bhima. The extension of certain territorial divisions namely Cheraku and Eruva to Telingana for the first time is significant.

1116 AD : Bhimarasa

1116 AD : Panugallu inscriptions dated A.D. 1116 states that, while the Chalukya emperor Tribhuvanamalladeva was ruling the kingdom of the earth, Bhimarasa a relation of Kanduru Somaladevi daughter of. Jayasimha II (1015 - 1042 AD) installed Gangadevi and Gangeswara and submitted to the emperor who was camping in the uppayana (vidu) at Kollipaka, that he should consider this as his own work of charity (dharma). The emperor having complied with Bhimarasa’s request, made gifts of land in Bhatti – 12 for the offerings of Gangeswaradeva after washing the feet of vighneswaradeva. This inscription gives message about the water importance and the respect must be on Vighneswara pandita.

1122 AD : Gokarnachoda I (1098 AD - 1136)
1122 AD : Another Panugallu inscription dated A.D. 1122 states that Mahamandaleshwar Kanduri Gokarna Choda Maharaja ruling the earth, who have granted whose Madugulapalli (Madugula) inclused in Kukkadam (Gukkadam 30) to Bhimana Peggada and also adluru (Addaluru) which was one of the part in Amanagallu (Namanakanti – 70), granted to Doddayabhatlu before that ruler Gokarna Choda washing foots of his said above subordinates. This was shows the greatness of the king Kanduri Gokarna Choda.

1158 AD - 1323 AD : Kakatiya Dynasty 

Cheruku Chiefs Amarabad Branch

1253 AD - 1265 AD : Immadi Visvanatha son of Cheraku Bollayya or Bolla II 

1253 AD : Immadi Viswanatha granted villages of Lenjinta and Surepalli as agraharas as per epigraph of Jalalpuram Village , Thirumalagiri Mandal , Nalgonda District 

Amrabad area is ruled by Cherukureddy kings. Inscriptions of these kings at old Shiva temple at Amrabad in 1258 A.D. describes about these kings. The king ruled under the capital of Amrabad and also some parts in Nalgonda district.

1265 AD - 1270 AD : Immadi Devaya II (son of Immadi Visvanatha)
Immadi Devaya appears in the inscriptions of his two sons from the Kalvakolanu region, a part of Kandurunadu.

1267 AD - 1268 AD  : Panagallu Yadavas
1267 AD : Sarangapani third son of Singana
The Panugallu inscription dated A.D.1267 states that, while Mahamandaleshwar Kaktiya Manuma Rudradeva Maharaja (Rudramadevi 1262-89) was ruling the kingdom, praudhapratapa chakravarthi sarangapanideva maharajulu of the yadava family was administering panumganti-sthala 

1268 AD : Mahamandalesvara Vishwanath Maharaja
1267-68 AD : Rahamantapur.
This inscription is on a stone pillar now in the compound of the office of the Director of Archaeology and Museums, Hyderabad. States that, mahamandalesvara Visvanatha maharaj of the Yadava lineage made a gift of the village of Guddupalli with all its tanks and all its incomes to the Rachaguru Santasiva Desika Mallaradhya. It is interesting that, Visvanatha Maharaja bears a very long string of titles of which, Kakkaladeva-Sirah-khandana (he who cut off the head of Kakkaladeva), Parabhavikrita Ballalana (the vanquisher, or Ballala) and Bandikrita Andhrarajena (the capturer of the king of the Andhra country) are important. Most of the titles enumerated in this record are also found in the prasasti of the Yadava King
Singhana.

Kayasthas (1239 AD - 1297 AD)
They were originally stationed by the king Ganapatideva at Panugallu as the governors of that part of the kingdom.
1239 AD - 1258 AD : Ganagaya Sahini
1258 AD - 1268 AD : Jannigadeva (Gangayasahani sisters eldest son)
1268 AD - 1272 AD : Tripurari I (brother of Jannigadeva)
1272 AD - 1294 AD: Ambadeva II (brother of Tripurari I) Ambadeva revolted against Kakatiyas and killed Rudramadevi in a battle and was later defeated by Kakatiya Prataparudra.


Chandupatla inscription dated A.D. 1289, states that as the Kakatiya queen Rudramadevi departed to the world of the god, puvu mummadi a servant of a certain mallikarjuna nayaka, made a gift of land to the god chandupatle somanathadevara so that, both the Kakatiya queen and his master might attain sivaloka.

During Prataparudra's time the kingdom was annexed to the Tughluq empire in A.D. 1323.

1323 AD - 1336 AD : Tughlaq Dynasty 

During Muhammad-bin-tughluq's period, Musunuri chief Kapayanayaka ceded a part of Nalgonda to Ala-ud-din Hasan Bahman Shah. Later the region came under the rule of Recherlas of Rachakonda and Devarakonda. 

1325 AD – 1350 AD : Musunuri Nayaks 

1357 AD : Kapaya Nayaka 
1st June, A.D. 1357 : Pillalamarri, Suryapet
This inscription is on a slab in the Erakesvara temple. Records that Erapotu-lenka, the favourite servant of Kapaya Nayaka who had among others the titles of Andhrades adhiswara, Anuma-nagantipura-Var adhiswara, Chodaraya-sthapanacharya, and Kanchirakshapalaka re-established on Guruvara Jyeshṭha su.13 of Hevalambi, S.1279 (Thursday, 1st June A.D. 1357) the God Erakesvara, ruined by Sultan Alavadinu so that merit might occur to his master Kapeya Nayaka and his own parents Anuma Konda Venchi Nayaka and Rudrasani. He also granted a vritti field of 1 adda behind Devara kumta at Pillalamarri for the offerings to the deity once a day.

This inscription is in Telugu, dated Saka 1279 (A.D. 1357), is of Kapaya Nayaka, brother of Prolaya Nayaka, the Musunuru chief, whose servant Era-potu, son of Machinayaka of Anumakonda, had the deity of Erakesvara re-installed since it had been damaged by Alau'd- Din Khalji, the Sultan of Delhi.

Recherla Nayaks

1361 - 1384 AD : Mada Nayaka I 

The Kandikonda inscription reveals that Mada Naidu brother of Anavotha I had son named Venna. This prince ruled by his fathers orders at Skandadri

1367 AD : Domalapalli.
This inscription is on a stone lying under a tree near the Panchayat office. The names of Pasaitta and Dachaya singa of the Recherla family are stated. The latter's son Madanedu is also mentioned. The inscription is partly broken. It records the installation of the god Chennakesava in the village Domalapalli and the gifts of lands to deities and brahmanas on that occasion (by Machamba, probably the queen of Madanedu).

1377 AD : Anavema Reddi brother of Anavota of Kondaveedu

Anavotas brother Anavema , succeeded to the throne as his son , Kumaragiri , was too young to assume authority . He ruled for about 22 years ( 1364-86 )

24th May A.D. 1377 : Vadapalli or Wadapalli, Miryalaguda
This inscription is on a pillar in the compound of the Agastyesvara temple. States that, while Anavemaya Reddi, the son of Jaganobbaganda Vemaya Reddi was ruling the kingdom of the earth, his servant Kadiyam Poti Nayundu built the sikhara to the sanctum of the temple of Agastyesvara constructed formerly by Pillalamarri Beti Reddi, caused a bell and the doors to the sanctum to be made; presented three eating plates, 3 kudukas, silk clothes and a copper boiler for bathing; offered worship to the deity and set up the pillar inscription.

1399 AD : Vedagiri I
8th March A.D. 1399 : Murupunuthula.
This inscription is on a stone pillar lying near the Muthyalamma temple. The inscription is very damaged. After invoking the god Varaha, it introduces the chiefs of the Recherla family, Era Dacha, Singa and his son Madhava and the latter's son Vedagiri. This last named chief is said to be ruling the country lying between Srisaila and Vindhya mountains. He is stated to have made the grant of the agrahara named Morupnuntula to the god Mallari. Certain Manchena bhattu, otherwise known by his title [Nissamkula] Bharati son of Narayana Somayajulu of Brahmanapalli wrote this inscription. Vedagiri is obviously Peda Vedagiri or Vedagiri I of the Devarakonda branch of the family.

1422 AD - 1518 AD : Bahmani Sultanate (1347 AD - 1518 AD)
Sep 22, 1422 - Apr 17, 1436 A.D : Ahmad Shah I or SHIHAB-UD-DIN AHMAD I

During Ahmad Shah I's period the region was annexed to Bahmani kingdom.

Apr 17, 1436 - May 6, 1458 : Ahmad Shah II or ALA-UD-DIN AHMAD II

1455 AD : Jalal Khan in A.D 1455 declared himself king at Nalgonda, but it was a shortlined affair. The region was brought back to Bahmani kingdom. The rebel succeeded in capturing several strongholds including Bhongir in this district . Loyal subordi- nates like Recherla Linga

1455 AD : Prince Dawood son of Ahmad I

1455 AD : Rachakonda was annexed to Bahmani kingdom.Singa - 3 later retired to Bellamkonda in Guntur district until death in A.D 1455 . Prince Dawood son of Bahmani Sultan Ahmad - 1 was given charge of Rachakonda

1457 AD : Prince Mahmud
Alau'd - din Ahmad II ( A. D. 1436-1458 ) bestowed Rachakonda on his brother Prince Mahmud after the death of Prince Dawood .

1480 AD - 1503 AD : Shitab Kahn or Sitapati Raju 

Governor of Rachankonda under Bahmani Sultante

1503 AD - 1512 AD : Shitab Kahn or Sitapati Raju

From 1480 to 1485, Sitapati Raju titled Shitab Khan was the Bahmani governor of Rachakonda (near Narayanpur in modern Nalgonda district, Telangana). He seems to have taken advantage of the internal turmoils of the Bahmanis and declared his independence in 1503, ruling from the Rachakonda, Warangal and Khammam forts from 1503 to 1512

1512 AD - 1518 AD : Qutbul-Mulk was appointed as the Governor of Golkonda in Tilangana in 901 AH /1495-96 AD who controlled over Warangal, Rachakonda, Devarkonda and Koilkonda by 1512 AD and was awarded the title Qutb-ul-Mulk (Pillar of the Realm) as military chief.

1518 AD - 1687 AD : Qutbshahis / Golconda Sultanate Qutubshahi's : During the Bahmani Sultan Shihabud-din Mahmun's time Sultan Quli was appointed as tarafdar of Telangana. From him the regions was taken by his son Jamshid. Later the district remained under the control of Qutub Shahis till A.D.1687.

1518 AD - 1543 AD : Sultan Quli Qutb-ul-Mulk
1523-24  : Arabic and Persian.
This new record of the time of Masnad-i-`Ali Ulugh A'zam Malik Qutbu'l-Mulk, found at Rajupeta, records the construction of a tank at Yampur, in dedication to the memory of Twelve Imams, in A.H. 930 (A.D. 1523-24) by Baba Khan, a retainer of Malik Qiwamu'l- Mulk, out of his personal money. Of the produce grown with the help of the tank, one share was to be given to the Diwan, two for the uplift of the public and one for the builder which he assigned for the Langar (Free-kitchen) of the Twelve Imams. The yearly income derived from that much land obtained on free-hold lease by the builder in which 5 kuro seed could be sown was to be spent on the repairs of the bridge

A.D. 1543.  : Arabic.
Inscription in the tomb of Sultan Quli Qutb Shah, Qutb Shahi Tombs. The inscriptions are engraved in three bands along the side of the grave which is built of highly polished black basalt in the form of a casket with four exquisitely carved feet and a convex top. The style of writing is Naskh of a very high order and the language is Arabic. The inscription giving the name and the titles of the deceased king and the exact date of his death carved in three at the foot of the grave

1543 AD - 1550 AD :  Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah
Little is known of Jamsheed's reign, but he is remembered as having been cruel.
He died in 1550 from cancer

13th November A.D. 1544 : Nagulapadu.
Language : Telugu. This inscription is on the addarayi of the northern temple. Records that, Yelid Khan surveyed the sugar-cane, and betel leaf garden, and the tax-free fields in the [Nagu]lapati-sima and that he fixed in the presence of certain Reddis and others (named) that by the bara (the length of two arms extended) of a certain Chinu Sayyid Chimman twenty baras would make a biguv (bigha); and that according to the measure nine biguvs would make a marutu. The inscription was composed by Tadakamaḍla Sirigiraju, the Kulkarni.

1550 AD - 1550 AD : Subhan Quli Qutb Shah Jamsheed's younger brother Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah returned from Vijayanagara to Golconda, and ascended the throne. Subhan was deposed, and died of illness or was murdered in the same year.

1550 AD - 1580 AD : Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah

Chief Commander : Sayyid Shah Mir or Sayyad Shah Taqi son of Sayyad Ahmad Tababa

18th November A.D. 1554 : Pangal.
This inscription is on a slab on the tankbund. States that, while İbrahim Kutubu`Sa. (Ibrahim Qutub Shah) was ruling the kingdom, Ramatulla (Rahmat-ullah) his well-wisher reconstructed the dam across the Musi river near Namile in the Indupurela-sima from which Udayasamudram canal feeding the tank at Panugal was dug; repaired canal which obviously fell into disuse; carried the water of the tank up to the Krishna; filled the tanks, reservoir etc between the Namile dam and the Krishna with water; and arranged dasavamdha at Panugal for the grain produced in the area. Details of the shares upto Udayasamudram. King's share 1; people 1½, and for the Turkas (Muslims) and Brahmanas 2.

1580 AD - 1612 AD : Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah

1612 AD - 1626 AD : Sultan Muhammad Qutb Shah
He was the nephew and son-in-law of Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah, having married Muhammad's only daughter Hayat Bakshi Begum in 1607.

1626 AD - 1672 AD : Abdullah Qutb ShahAbdullah, son of Sultan Muhammad Qutb Shah

was a polyglot (Multilingualism), and a lover of poetry and music. He invited to his court and respected Kshetrayya, a famous lyric writer. Kshetrayya is known for his romantic poetry

1672 AD - 1687 AD : Abul Hasan Qutb Shah also known as Abul Hasan Tana Shah

The last Sultan of this Shia Islamic dynasty.

In 1636, Shah Jahan forced the Qutb Shahis to recognize Mughal suzerainty, which lasted until 1687 when the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb conquered the Golconda sultanate.

1687 AD - 1724 AD : Mughal Empire

1724 AD - 1948 AD : Asaf Jahis
Nizam-ul-Mulk (Asaf Jah I) defeated Mubasiz Khan at Shaker Khere in Berar and ruled the Deccan in an autonomous capacity. This district, like the other districts of Telangana, passed under the Asaf Jahis and remained under them for a period of nearly two hundred and twenty five years.



http://www.allresearchjournal.com/archives/2015/vol1issue12/PartO/1-11-150.pdf
http://nalgonda.nic.in/politicalhistory.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nalgonda_district

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Mahabubnagar District History

Mahabubnagar, formerly known as Rukmammapeta and Palamooru is a city in Mahabubnagar District of the Indian state of Telangana named after the 6th Nizam, Mahboob Ali Khan.

Palamoor district belongs to "Asmaka" Janapada, which belongs to 6th century BC. According to Mahabharatha "Ashmaka" Janapada belongs to "Dakshinapatham" (Southern Part). Its capital was "POUDANYANAGARA" and later it is known as "Mulikinadu". According to Mahabharata Agastya Maharshi passed to Dakshinapatha and established a shiva temple known as "Agastheeswara Temple" on the banks of river Krishna (near to Kollapur).

304 BC - 232 BC : Great Emperor Ashoka

This region was southernmost land in the Asoka's Empire in 250 BC. We find many inscriptions of Asoka near by Palamoor ,"Maski" of Raichur district of Karnataka, Erragudi of Kurnool District.

221 BC - 218 AD : Satavahana Dynasty

Sathavahanas are the first Telugu rulers who ruled the south India for more than 400 years. Origin of this dynasty was from Kotilingala of Karimnagar District. According to the Prof. M. Radha Krishna Sharma garu the Prominent Historian, the village "SATANAKOTA" near Alampur was the base of the name of Shathavahana. Coins and inscriptions are found here but now it was submerged in the backwater of Srisailam Reservoir.

358 AD - 500 AD : Vishnukundin Dynasty

The founder of the Vishnukundin Dynasty Raja Maha Rajendra Varma belongs to Amrabad of Palamoor District. According to the Inscriptions of Indrapalanagara, Amrabad was the capital of the Mandalika Rajya. Later, Mahadeva Verma-I conquered the Kollapur area and spread the Vishnukundin Kingdom. According to B.N. Sastry Epigraphist the Vishnukundin belongs to Palamoor Distrtict. The king Maha Verma-IV conducted the rituals like "Hiranyagarbha Prasuta Yaga" had defeated Chandraguptha of Soma Dynasty at Srisailam Forest Area and married his daughter Chandradevi and captured Chandraguptha Fort at this Forest (Nallamala).

500 AD to 755 AD : Badami Chalukyan

Badami Chalukyas having special place in the history of Palamoor. Keerthi Verma-I (the father of Pulakesi-II who defeated Harshavardhana on the banks of Narmada River) has merged Palamoor area in his ruling period. Especially, Alampur was the centre for this rulers in this area. We can see many inscriptions of Badami Chalukyan Kings. Navabrahmeswara Temples of Alampur have been constructed by Pulakesi-II of Badami Chalukyans. These temples are the first temples in Nagara style of Temple Architecture. This architectural style has been spread to Badami, Pattadakal group of temples, Aihole to Bubaneswar area and then to North India. Pulakesi-II ruled for 32 years and titled as Parameswara and he conquered total South India including Pallavas of Kanchipura. Kubhjavishnuvardhana who is the brother of Pulakesi helped in the wars. So, Pulakesi has given the Southern Part of Kingdom up to Krishna River as autonomous Kingdom to his brother Kubhjavishnuvardhana. We, also got copper plate inscriptions of Vikramaditya Satyasraya, son of Pulakesi-II at Andelapadu near to Alampur. Especially, Alampur Navabrahmeswara Temples are the land mark of Badami Chalukya Kings and Alampur was the birth place of Nagara style of temple Architecture.

753 AD – 982 AD : Rashtrakutas Dynasty

During the period of Rashtrakutas, Palamoor District played a vital role in many wars. Various kings of Rashtrakuta Dynasty took training in this area during their training period. "Dantidurga" who was the founder of independent Rashtrakuta Kingdom started his wars to spread the kingdom and defeated Keerthiverma-II of Badami Chalukya and conquered Badami Chalukyan Kingdom. Then the great king Dhruva-I conquered Vengi Chalukyas, Pallavas, Malava and Gowda Deshas and touched the Ganga River. He constructed the "Western Gate" to Brahmeswara Temple at Alampur at his first anniversary of his coronation in the year 780-81 A.D. as per the inscription of Alampur. During the festival of Maharnavami he arranged meals for thousand members at Alampur and given many donations. The other inscriptions of Rashtrakuta Kings at Alampur are Srimara Alampur inscription for donations to Utthareswara, Balaverma as per the available inscriptions. Govinda-III one of the great king has laid the inscription in Chowdeswari Temple near to Gangapur of Jadcherla Mandal along with his friend Beeragriha of Vemulavada Chalukyas. Amogha Varsha, Krishna-II and other kings ruled this area during the Rashtrakuta period.

939 AD - 967 AD : Krishna III
Minambaram : This inscription refers to the reign of Kannara who might be Rashtrakuta Krishna III (A.D. 939-67). It mentions the ascetic Agastya Guravar of the Kalamukha school, a rigorous observer of vows.

982 AD - 1158 AD : Western Chalukyan Empire (Kalyani)

Kalyani Chalukyas are one of the great kings who ruled the district for about 200 years. Near 63 inscriptions have been found. Great temples of this district are the Agastheswara Temple, Kudali Sanghameswara Temple (presently this temple is located at Alampur), Alampuram, Gangapuram, Ujjili, Puduru, Bekkem, Allwanpally, Avancha, Pedda Kadumur, Budapur, Nekkonda, Rachur, Vankasamudram etc. temples are constructed in this period. Kandur Chodas are the feudatory of Kalyani Chalukyas. The great kings are Tailappa-II (965-997), Satyasraya (997-1008), Vikramaditya (1008-14), Jagadeka Malla (1015-43), Someswara-I (1043-68), Bhavaneka Malla or Someswara-II (1068-76), Thribhuvanamalla Vikramaditya (1076-1126), Someswara-III (1126-38), Jagadekamalla-II (1138-49) and Tailappa-III (1149-62). War sites of these kings in this district are 1. Pudur-near to Gadwal defeated Cholas. 2. Kudali Sangameswara Cholas- Lost War. These kings contributed a lot for Alampur temple. Telugu Chodas, Yadavas, Kakatiyas are the feudatories for these kings.

1040 AD - 1158 AD : Kanduri Chodas

Kanduri Chodas are originally belongs to Mahaboob Nagar. Origin for this dynasty is Telugu Choda. These kings ruled independently northern and southern parts of Krishna and Tungabhadra Rivers. Vardhamana Puram, Kandur, Kodur, Rachur and Gangapuram are the famous towns and as well as Capitals for these kings. Vangur and Sarikonda are the main centres. Vaidumbas are the feudatories of these kings which was ruled AIZA mandalam with 300 villages. Vardhamana Puram was the capital of Udhyana Choda. Kandur was the ancient city of this district. It was the capital for this kingdom for some days. These kings are described that they were belongs to Karikalachola family. Panagallu, Kandur, Ghanapuram, Gangapuram, Vardhamanapuram, Amrabad, Rachur, Kodur, Maghatala (Makthal), Vangur, Munnanur are having the forts in various places of this district and protected the kingdom. Kakati Rudradeva defeated the Bhimadeva who was the son of Udhyana Choda king of Vardhamanapuram and married his sister Padmavathi. Kings donated land for the temples and laid inscriptions, Lingala village is donated to Somasila temple. They developed this area as a powerful kingdom and ruled for 250 years.

1107 AD - 1136 AD : Kumara Tailapa (Tailapa III)

Mahamandalesvara Kumara Tailapadeva, the king's son by Chandaladevi, and states that he was ruling the territory from his capital Kolur in the company of his queen Lakahmadevi and sons Permadideva and Bikkideva.

29th October, A.D. 1110 : Alavanpalli, Mahaboobnagar District.
This inscription is dated C.V.E. (35) Vikrti, Kartika Purnima Sunday. (A.D. 1110, October. 29, Saturday ?). States that Mahamandalesvara Yuvaraja Tailapa Deva was ruling over Kanduru-1000 and that at the request of maneverggade and another Karanams the prince Tailapadeva granted to the mahajanas of the Panchamathas, and Pattusalis of the nakara of Navapura in Koduru certain privileges regarding property rights.

28th July A.D. 1113 : Avancha
This inscription describes the exploits of the king's son mahamandalesvara Kumara Tailapadeva and mentions certain regulations against social evils formulated by him, pertaining to the capital town of Avancha at the request of the principal residents of the place, among them one Pattasalis (weavers) angadi settis of Trailokyamalla (Merchants) Jagadekamalla Palisetti raya bangara Modisetti and Aayyana setti of Vira Nolamba.

1119 AD : Pillalamarri.
This inscription is in the Govt. Museum. Incomplete. It only mentions the prasasti, and mahamandalesvara Kumara Tailapa, his maha pradhana and dandanayaka Jannamaraja and Gudavargade Bachimayya.

14th August A.D. 1121 : Nekkonda, Mahaboobnagar District.
This inscription dated C.V.E. 46, Plava, Sravana, Amavasya Sunday. (A.D. 1121, Aug. 14). It begins with the prasasti of Kumara Tailapadeva, the king's son by Chandaladevi and states that he was ruling from Kolur with his queen Lakshmi Devi and sons Permadi and Bikkideva. It registers the gift of the village Bhudupura (in Kanduru-70, in Nurumbada of Kanduru-1000) for worship at and repairs to the temple of the god Ramesvara of Nekkondi and for feeding the ascetics.

21st January A.D. 1125 : Jadcherla
This inscription is in the compound of the panchayat office. It is a Jaina epigraph. In the beginning it extrols the greatness of the Western Chalukyan king Bhulokamalla Somesvara III and his son Tailapa III, yuvaraja who was ruling over Kanduru nadu. Next it refers to a Jaina inscription installed by Meghachandrabhattaraka who belonged to the Kanurgana gachha of Mulasangha. The second part refers to the construction of a chaitya stupa of Parsvanadha at Gangapura by Bammisetti chief of Manakeriya, the As'esha setti galu of different samayas ubhaya nanadesis and the swamis of Ayyavolu 500. Some gifts were granted to this temple for the daily anga and ranga bhogas and for the repairs and renovation.

1125-1126 AD : Jadcherla and Badepalli, Mahabubnagar District

The record then states that Tailapadeva, the younger brother of the king Bhulokamalla, was ruling over Kandur-nadu.

A few names bearing geographical significance are met with in this inscription and happily all of them can be identified with their modern survivals. The rajadhani Kalyanapura (line 5) is modern Kalyāna in the Gulbarga district and Gongapura (line 22) is identical with modern Gangapur, 3 kms. away from Jadcherla, Mahabubnagar district. Kandūra-Nadu is identical with Kandur-one thousand region which, according to several inscriptions of the Chalukya period, seems to have extended upto Pānugallu in Nalgonda district.

8th June A.D. 1134 : Gangapuram
This inscription is on the tank bund near Chowdamma shrine outside the village. Registers gift of share of the income derived from Vaddaravula and Hejjunka taxes for burning the perpetual lamp and incense to the God Katteya Somanadha in the presence of Jayananda Bhatta and Bavvarasa, the toll officer of Kanduru nadu and members of mercantile community and other officials like Kommarasa, Sundaranayaka, Pochisetti, Permadisetti by Tailapa III's dandanayaka in the presence of jayananda bhatta.

22nd July, 1156 AD : Gangapuram.
Records the gift (name lost) by son of Jagadekamalla to be maintained by Dakha setti. It also registers some gifts by some settis of Gangapuram.

Kalachuris of Kalyani
1178 AD - 1183 AD : Ahavamalla

18th July, 1181 AD : Appanapalli , Mahabubnagar
This inscription is on the northern wall of Siva temple. Records that the elders of Aiyyavolu 500, 36 Beedu of Mummari and the Ubhaya nananadesis of Kannada Navaka 1000 assembled and built the gateway (torana) at Kadamburu.
Note: This Ahuvamalla was the fifth son of Bijjela. His earliest record is dated A.D. 1181. If this was his third year, he must have proclaimed himself as king in A.D. 1178-79.

1158 AD to 1323 AD : Kakatiya Dynasty
Prola-II and Rudradeva conquered this area by defeating Kanduri Chodas. Rudradeva Constructed the Rudradeva Fort at Munnanur in the area of 30 miles. Ganapathi Deva, one of the great kings ruled over all Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. During his period Ghanapuram Fort was constructed. Buddheswara Sahasralingam, Lakshmi Narasimha and Narayana temples were constructed. On the name of his parents, he donated the land of Peddapuram village. During the period of Rudramadevi, Malyalagundana constructed "Ganapasamudram" tank near Buddhapuram (Bhoothpur). Gona Ganna Reddy played a vital role during the rule of King Pratapa Rudra. He belongs to Vardamanapuram. He conquered Raichur and constructed a fort. His father is Gona Budda Reddy who contributed Ranganatha Ramayanam as Dwipada kavyam in Telugu Language.

Malyala Dynasty

1217 AD - 1276 AD: Malyala Gunda

18th August, A.D. 1259. : Bothpur
The very beautiful celestial creeper of Kuppambika, born in the great milky ocean of the Gona dynasty, an eternal ornament to the forest of Malayala dynasty, (and one who was) honoured by the learned men (the gods), bears fruit along with him.

10th August, A.D. 1271 : Bothpur, Mahaboobnagar District. 

This inscription is on a stone pillar in the Masjid. Dated S. 1194. Amgirasa, Sravana su. 15, Wednesday, Lunar eclipse (A.D. 1217, a. 10). Records the construction of a tank after the name of his master Ganapatideva by Malayala Gunda and the gift of some Vrttis behind it to Brahmans who performed religious ceremonies. Among the donees several learned brahmins including a certain Tarani ganti Isvarabhattopadhayaulu are mentioned. He is probably identical with the poet Isvarasuri son of Mayuraraya the composer of the inscription who is said to have been proficient in Paninian grammar and Vichitra-kavita. The inscription was composed by Isvara Suri, son of Mayuraraya.

1276 AD : Budapuram, Vardamana Puram are the centres for Malyala Kings who were the Feudatories of Kakatiyas. These kings helped to Kakatiyas in many wars during the period of Ganapathi Deva, Rudramadevi and Prataparudra. Malyala Kappambhika, wife of Gunda Dandadeswara constructed a temple at Budapuram (Bhoothpur) in 1276 A.D.

1276 AD - 1278 AD : Kuppamambika wife of Gundaya

16th January A.D. 1277 : Bhutpur, Mahabubnagar
On a slab in the antarala of Ramalingeswara temple. States that while Kakatiya Rudradeva Maharaju was ruling Malyala Kuppambika, wife of Gundaya, built a temple in Budupur, when her husband expired and installed a linga in it and she along with her sons. Bachaya Ganapatideva, Parvatamu Mallya and brothers Mallaya, Buddaya, Vitṭalaya, Kataya son of Gundaya, granted to lord Gundesvara deva, wetland (vritti) as service tenure behind Bassamudram. The details of the granted land are 2 mas in Basamudram 2 mas in Kuppa samudram, 1 ma in Ganapa samudram, and I ma in Budhini Kunta, thus making a total of 5 mas. Also 12 mas of velivolamu in Budupuru, and 9 mas in Potulamadugu, thus a total of 21 mas. The grant was entrusted to Siddhajiyya son of Bilajiyya and Vaijiyya son of Bachajiyya, to enjoy it for generations. The latter part contains the Sanskrit text of the inscription composed by Isvara Bhattopadhyaya, who was an expert in Yajurveda, and an adept in composing poetry.

Cherukureddy Kings

Amrabad area is ruled by Cherukureddy kings. Inscriptions of these kings at old Shiva temple at Amrabad in 1258 A.D. describes about these kings. The king ruled under the capital of Amrabad and also some part in Nalgonda district.

Gona Kings

Gona Kings are the feudatories of Kakatiyas and ruled the Vardhamanapuram. Gona Budhareddy and Gona Gannareddy are the great kings who helped to Kakatiya Kings. The main centres of this Kingdom are Vardhamanpuram (Vaddemin of Bijinapally Mandal) and Budapuram (Bhoothpur).

Vavilala

The Eastern part presently located at Madgul Mandal. The name of area is "IRVIN" ruled by Vavilala Kings, these kings ruled Amanagallu, Charikonda, Irvin and Vangur areas. Rudraya Reddy was the great king of this dynasty. These kings are the feudatories of Kakatiyas.

Yadavas:

During the period of Kakati Mahadeva who defeated by Yadava Kings, this area was under the rule of Yadava of Devagiri. "Sthanumantri" the Dandanayaka of Yadava King Ramachandradeva laid the inscription at Shiva Temple of Magatala (Makthal) about the rule of Yadavas in this area.

1325 AD – 1365 AD : Musunuri Nayaks
After the defeat of Prataparudra by the Muslims, the Kingdom of Kakatiya was ruled by Musunuri Kings who was the feudatories of Kakatiyas. During this period, Palamoor, Shaadnagar areas were under the rule of these kings. Prolaya Nayaka and Kapaya Nayaka are the great kings. Post Kakatiya period these kings had tried to protect Hindu culture and kingdoms from Muslim invasions.

1303 AD – 1470 AD : Recharla Nayaks
Feudatories of kakatiyas. Kalwakurty and Raghupathipet areas are under these kings. These kings belongs Rachakonda and Devarakonda of Nalgonda Districts. During this period, Palamoor District area was changed as War Field between these kings and Vijayanagara, Reddy, Bahamani Kings

1350 AD – 1518 AD : Bahmani Sultanate / Kingdom (1347 AD - 1527 AD)
Founder : Zafar Khan or Hasan Gangu or Allauddin Hassan or Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah

Jul 30, 1463 - Mar 26, 1482 A.D : Muhammad Shah-lll
1470-71 : Kondurg, Mahbubnagar.

An inscription from Kundrug set up during the reign of Shamsu'd-Din Muhammad Shah, son of Humayun Shah, states that the mosque (on which it appears) was built in A.H. 875 (A.D. 1470-71) at the instance of Khan-i-A'zam Farhat Khan, and through the efforts of Maliku'sh Sharq Ma'ruf Khani.

Maliku'sh Sharq Ma'ruf Khani.

Bahamani Sultan Kingdom has spread the wars to this area during their period to face the Vijayanagar Kings and others. The main centres of these kings are Gulbharga, Raichur and other forts, which are surroundings of this district. So many wars took place in this area. Sultan has been occurred at Krishna and Bhima river confluence led by Ramaraya of Vijaya Nagar.

1470-71 : An inscription from Kundrug set up during the reign of Shamsu'd-Din Muhammad
Shah, son of Humayun Shah, states that the mosque (on which it appears) was built in A.H. 875 (A.D. 1470-71) at the instance of Khan-i-A'zam Farhat Khan, and through the efforts of

Maliku'sh Sharq Ma'ruf Khani.
1397 AD – 1529 AD : Vijayanagara Empire (Tuluva dynasty)
Vijayanagara Kings (1336-1565)
Sri Krishna Devaraya (ruled 1509-29)

In 1397 AD Alampur and Panagallu were conquered by Vijayanagar Kings. Many wars between Vijayanagar Kings and Sultans were held in this district. Koilkonda, Panagal, Raichur are the strategical forts of this period. 

1350 AD - 1518 AD : Bahmani Sultanate / Kingdom (1347 AD - 1527 AD)

Founder : Zafar Khan or Hasan Gangu or Allauddin Hassan or Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah
Capitals : Kalaburgi /Aḥsanabad now Gulbarga (1347–1425), Muhammadabad now Bidar (1425–1527)
Religion: Sunni Islam
Languages : Persian, Marathi, Deccani Urdu, Telugu, Kannada

Mar 26, 1482 - Dec 27, 1518 AD : Mahmood Shah Bahmani II

He ascended the throne at the age of 12 years, when new-comers had been over thrown. New Regency was formed with Queen as president. Qasim Barid was entitled with Barid-ul-mumalik.

1495 AD - 1518 AD : Qutbul-Mulk was appointed as the Governor of Golkonda in Tilangana in 901 AH /1495-96 AD who controlled over Warangal, Rachakonda, Devarkonda and Koilkonda and was awarded the title Qutb-ul-Mulk (Pillar of the Realm) as military chief. 

1513-14 : Kodangal was part of Koilkonda.
Language : Persian and Naskh. This inscription on a Dargah of Nizamu`d-Din, slab in the southern wall from Kodangal in the Mahbubnagar District, states how the two villages called Awlin the big and Awlin the small were merged into one and named Husainabad which was endowed for running the langar of the twelve imams. The record constitutes a will executed by Malik Qutbu-l-Mulk, the progenitor of the Qutb Shahi rulers of Golconda in A.H. 919 (1513-14 A.D.). It is worth noting that the inscription, in as much as it does not mention Qutb Ul-Mulk with any royal title, is additional epigraphical evidence against Firishta's statement that Qutb Ul-Mulk assumed kingship in A.H. 918 (1512-13 A.D.).

Sultan Quli extended his rule by capturing forts at Warangal, Kondapalli, Eluru, and Rajamundry, while Krishnadevaraya was fighting the ruler of Odisha. He defeated Sitapati Raju (known as Shitab Khan), the ruler of Khammam, and captured the fort. ]

1518 AD : He declared the independence of Golconda, after the disintegration of the Bahmani Kingdom into the five Deccan sultanates. Soon after, he declared independence from the Bahmani Sultanate, took the title Qutub Shah, and established the Qutb Shahi dynasty of Golconda (1518-1687 AD)

1518 - 1687 : Qutb Shahi dynasty or Golconda or Golkonda Sultanate
Founder : Sultan Quli Khawas Khan Hamdani or Sultan Quli Qutb-ul-Mulk
Capitals : Golconda (1519 - 1591), Hyderabad (1591 - 1687)
Languages: Persian, Telugu, Deccani Urdu
Religion: Shia Islam

1518 AD - 1543 AD : Sultan Quli Qutb-ul-Mulk
Sultan Quli Qutb Shah was a contemporary of Krishana Deva Raya and his younger brother Achyuta Deva Raya of the Vijayanagara Empire

1509 AD - 1529 AD : Krishna Deva Raya

During the rule of the great king Srikrishna Devaraya (1509-29), he frequently visited Alampur temple and constructed Narsimha Swamy temple at Alampur. In 1521 A.D. Srikrishna Devaraya laid Alampur inscription and he offered donations to Alampur temple. According to the copper plate inscription of Alampur, 1526 describes that Alampur was one of the Nayankara. 

1529 AD - 1541 AD : Achyuta Deva Raya

Achutaraya Conquered Panagal. 

2nd November A.D. 1538 : Kosangi. 
This inscription states that while Achyutaraya was ruling his amara nayaka (name lost) Immadi Medi Naraya made a gift of a well and garden to the God Somesvara of Kosagi.

1550 AD - 1580 AD : Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah

Chief Commander : Sayyid Shah Mir or Sayyad Shah Taqi

Ibrahim Qutb Shah Wali (1518 – 5 June 1580), also known by his Telugu names Malki BhaRama and Ibharama Cakravarti, was the fourth monarch of the kingdom of Golconda in southern India. He was the first of the Qutb Shahi dynasty to use the title "Sultan". He lived for seven years in exile at the court of Vijayanagara as an honoured guest of Rama Raya. Ibrahim is known for patronizing Telugu extensively because he was moved by a genuine love for the language.

In 1565, Ibrahim took the advantage of internal conflicts in Vijayanagara, which had given him shelter in exile during 1543–1550. He became part of a cabal of Muslim rulers of small states which banded together to destroy the powerful Hindu kingdom of Vijayanagara. He thus personally betrayed Rama Raya of Vijayanagara, who had given him shelter during his exile in 1543 to 1550. In the Battle of Talikota which ensued, Rama Raya was killed and the city where Ibrahim had spent seven happy and safe years was razed to the ground

1550 AD : Kolikonda, Mahabubnagar District.
This Telugu inscription is inscribed on a stone built into the Fort, and records that the garrison (hasim) of Koyyalakonda set up this pillar inscription on Monday su. 5 in the month of Magha of the year Sabharana, S. 1472, corresponding to Kali era 4,32,000, on behalf of Iburahim Kutubhuna Maluka Vodayalu (Ibrahim Qutub-ul-mulk).

January, 1551 AD : It records that when Ibrahim Qutb Shah of Golconda was residing at Vijayanagara, the garrison of the fort of Koilkunda swore the Prince an oath of allegiance.

1570 AD - 1646 AD : Vijayanagara Empire (Aravidu Dynasty)

1570 AD - 1572 AD : Tirumala Deva Raya

1572 AD - 1586 AD : Sriranga Deva Raya I

1586 AD - 1614 AD : Venkatapati Deva Raya II
Polepally, Jadcherla
This inscription is on a pedestal in the Chennakesava Temple. This inscription mentions that a pillar which was broken for a long time was replaced in the temple of Ahobala Narasimhasvami of Polepalli by Mudugallu Nurussa Chintamani

1518 AD - 1687 AD : Qutbshahis / Golconda Sultanate
This area was under the direct rule of Qutb Shahis of Golkonda, Koilkonda and Ghanapur which were main defence forts of this kings. In 1565 Rakkasi Thangadi war held in this area. Aurangzeb attacked on Golkonda fort also took place from this area only.

1687 AD - 1724 AD : Mughal Empire
Aurangazeb, the Mughal emperor, invaded Golconda in 1687 A.D and annexed it to the Mughal Empire. Since then, Golconda became part of the Deccan Subha and a Nizam was appointed as an agent of the Mughal emperor. Thus, for about a period of 35 years it was ruled by the Moghuls, the last one being Mubariz Khan.

1724 AD - 1948 AD : Asaf Jahis
This dynasty acquired enormous wealth and lived most extravagant and lavish life for that time. Nizam VII was the richest man on the earth in his period. He was also awarded as "Faithfull Ally of the British". Though people suffered, they left behind lot of well known landmarks, rich treasures, art, lavish food style and rich culture. Mir Mahaboob Ali Khan Nizam-VI a great and generous ruler ruled from 1869-1911 who was known as a good king among the Nizams.

Nizam Dynasty - 7 Asaf Jahi Rulers

Salarjung reforms took place in this period. Maharaja Kishen Pershad has introduced many reforms in this period. On the name of this Nawab the Palamoor District has been changed to Mahaboob Nagar District in the Nizams State. He released 25 Lakhs for action against to draught. He also known as "Mahaboob-E-Deccan". The last Nizam Mir Osman Ali Khan (1911-1948) ruled this area. Many wars took place during this period. Freedom Movement took place in all over the country, but Nizam suppressed a lot in his kingdom. During his period on 10thMay 1925 "Golkonda Pathrika" (News Paper) started by Suravaram Pratapa Reddy who belongs to Palamoor District of this State and fought against Nizam rule for freedom.





http://mahabubnagar.nic.in/Dynasties.php


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahbubnagar_district

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Kakatiya Inscriptions

25 March 1261 : Malkapuram Inscription No. 395. (A. R. No. 94 of 1917.)

Erected on a huge granite pillar measuring 14.6 X 2.9 X2.9 feet, the inscription has 182 lines engraved in Sanskrit and Telugu indicating the birth of Rudrama Devi, extent of land donated to Visweswara temple and lists out the charitable works taken up in the village including, a rest house, a maternity home and a hospital attached to the temple.

Historical texts suggest that Ganapati Deva had gifted the two villages of Mandadam and Velagapudi to Sivacharya, spiritual preceptor of Golaki Matham at Mandadam.

It is also interesting to note that food and medicine at the matham was provided to all people irrespective of caste and creed in those days, a symbol of benevolence of the Kakatiya dynasty Professor Nagi Reddy said.

The inscription also referred to an educational building, presumably a college for teaching Sanskrit and Shivite texts.

http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/13th-century-inscription-found-neglected/article7216127.ece


Bayyaram Inscription  

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Western Chalukya Dynasty (Kalyani)

973 AD - 997 AD : Ahavamalla Nurmadi Taila – II

997 AD - 1008 AD : Alalanakacarita Irive Bedamga Satyasraya

1008 AD - 1015 AD : TribhuvanamallaVikramaditya-V

1015 AD - 1044 AD : Jagadekamalla Jayasimha-II

1044 AD -1068 AD : Trailokyamalla Ahavamalla Somesvara

1068 AD - 1076 AD : Bhuvanaikamalla Somesvara-I

1076 AD - 1127 AD : Tribhuvanamalla Permadi Vikramaditya-VI

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Ganapatideva

The earliest known record of Ganapatideva (1199 - 1262) is the Manthena epigraph, dated to 26 December 1199. It seems that the decade of the 1190s saw a series of misfortunes befall the Kakatiya kingdom. Besides the previously mentioned conflict with the Yadavas, in which King Mahadeva was killed, the Palampet inscription of 1213 indicates that there was a major political crisis caused by the ambitions of certain noble families. Nagatiraja and his brother Kusumaditya, both members of the old Mudigonda Chalukya family, ruled Visurunadu (in modern-day Khammam district) until they were driven out by Rudradeva in the later part of his reign. The Mudigonda Chalukyas, being dispossessed of their lands, temporarily sought refuge in other kingdoms. Eventually, Nagatiraja was able to gather an army, and led an invasion of the Kakatiya kingdom to to reclaim his ancestral territories. However, Nagatiraja was decisively defeated by the Kakatiya general Recherla Rudra, thanks to whom the territorial integrity of the kingdom was preserved.

After dealing with the Mudigonda Chalukyas, Ganapatideva turned to coastal Andhra like his father before him. The Kakatiyas launched a military campaign into the Krishna delta region in 1201, with an army commanded by Malyala Chaunda. The Krishna delta region was ruled by the Ayya chief Pinna Chodi from his island-fortress at Divi. After a difficult siege, Malyala Chaunda was able to capture the fortress, earning the title [i]dvipi-lumtaka[/i]. King Ganapatideva was quite impressed by the abilities of Jayapa, the son of Pinna Chodi, and so recruited him into the royal service. In addition, the Ayya family was allowed to continue to rule the Krishna delta as vassals of the Kakatiyas.

Pinna Chodi was most likely a vassal of the Velanati Choda king Prithvisvara before being subjugated by the Kakatiyas, so attacking Pinna Chodi also meant war with the Velanati Chodas. Sometime after Malyala Chaunda's campaign, King Prithvisvara marched south to the Krishna region. However, he was met by a coalition of forces who were opposed to the Velanati Chodas, including the Kakatiyas, Prince Tikka Bhupala of Nellore, and Mahamandalesvara Ballaya of Kammanadu. The Velanati Choda army was destroyed by the allied forces, and King Prithvisvara was killed. Subsequently, both Ganapatideva and Tikka Bhupala took the title [i]Prithvisvara-shirah-kanduka-krida-vinoda[/i], i.e. "one who played ball with the head of Prithvisvara." The last known record of Prithvisvara was in 1206, while the earliest known record of Ganaptideva in Velanadu (roughly the region between the Krishna and Penner rivers) is in 1209. Thus, it seems that Velanadu was annexed by the Kakatiyas sometime between 1206 and 1209. In 1213, Ganapatideva appointed Jaya-senapati as governor of the province.

Shortly after the Kakatiya conquest of Velanadu, Ganapatideva also intervened in Nellore on behalf of his new ally, Tikka Bhupala. Until c.1208, Nellore was ruled by the brothers Nallasiddhi and Tammusiddhi, who were nominally subject to Kulottunga Chola III. However, Tikka Bhupala considered himself to be the rightful ruler of Nellore, as he was the son of the previous king Manumasiddhi. Ganapatideva thus advanced on Nellore and installed Tikka Bhulapa as a subordinate ruler. Jayapa, the son of Pinna Chodi, was appointed as the viceroy over this southern region.

Sometime after the Nellore expedition and before 1213, the Kakatiyas also launched an invasion of Kalinga. An army commanded by Rajanayaka and Induluri Soma-mantri was sent north of the Godavari river, and managed to penetrate as far as Aska in the modern Ganjam district. However, the Kakatiyas were not able to hold on to this territory. The Eastern Ganga king Ananga Bhima III, who ascended the throne in 1211, succeeded in driving back the Kakatiyas, and was even able to cross the Godavari river into Vengi.

Following the Kalinga expedition, a state of uneasy peace seems to have prevailed between the Kakatiyas and Eastern Gangas for about two decades. The territory north of the Godavari was under Eastern Ganga rule during this time, as evidenced by their inscriptions at Draksharama (the last such inscription being dated to 1233). However, the Gangas also failed to make any headway into the Vengi region, located south of the Godavari river. The most important local potentate of Vengi during this time was Mahamandalesvara Kolani Kesavadeva (1192-1228), who ruled the Kolanu region in modern-day West Godavari district. The region of Kolanu was eventually conquered by Induluri Soma-mantri, who was henceforth called Kolani Soma. The Draksharama inscription of the Kakatiya general Mallala Hemadi Reddi, dated to 1237, also indicates that the territory immediately north of the Godavari delta came under Kakatiya control in the 1230s.

In the south, King Ganapatideva's ally in Nellore, Tikka Bhupala, died in 1248. However, the succession of Tikka Bhupala by his son, Manumasiddhi II, was disputed by Vijayaganda Gopala, a Choda pretender. Vijayanaganda Gopala rose in rebellion and seized the southern part of the Nellore kingdom, including the modern-day Thiruvallur and Vellore districts of Tamil Nadu. Meanwhile, the ministers Bayyana and Tikkana also rose in revolt against Manumasiddhi II, and drove him out of Nellore. Manumasiddhi II thus appealed to King Ganapatideva for assistance, who sent an army south under Samanta Bhoja. The Kakatiya army recaptured Nellore, put Bayyana and Tikkana to death, and re-installed Manumasiddhi II as ruler. Samanta Bhoja then proceeded further south, where he decisively defeated Vijayaganda Gopala at Palaiyaru in the modern-day Thanjavur district. The city of Kanchi was captured by the Kakatiya army in 1250.

The final military action of Ganapatideva was a conflict with the Pandyas of southern Tamil Nadu. Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan, who ascended the throne in 1251, conquered Kanchi and Nellore in the late 1250s. He then sent an army under the Kadava chief Kopperunjingan to invade Velanadu. King Ganapatideva was able to repulse this incursion, but he was unable to recapture Nellore or Kanchi. Manumasiddhi II, the Kakatiyas' ally in Nellore, was killed by the Pandya army at the Battle of Muttukuru in 1263. The Kakatiyas would not reassert their authority in this southern region until the early 1300s.

http://historum.com/blogs/civfanatic/5411-kakatiyas-part-iii-ganapatideva-rudramadevi-1199-1289.html

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Parataparudra

Prataparudra II (1289 - 1323), the son of Rudramadevi's daughter

Mummadamba, ascended the throne following his grandmother's death. His immediate task was to defeat Ambadeva and restore Kakatiya authority over the lands south of the Krishna river. However, Prataparudra also had to prepare for the possibility that Ambadeva's allies would also get involved in any such conflict. Thus, Prataparudra planned a three-pronged offensive against his enemies.

The first Kakatiya offensive took place in 1291 and was commanded by Manuma Gannaya, son of Induluri Soma-mantri, and Annayadeva, son of Induluri Peda Gannaya. This offensive was directed against Tripurantakam in the northern part of Ambadeva's territory. While the exact details of this campaign are unknown, it seems that Ambadeva was defeated and fled south to Mulikinadu. The record of the Kakatiya general Annayadeva at Tripurantakam occurs just two months after the last record of Ambadeva at that place, with both records occurring in the same year (Saka 1213, i.e. 1291 C.E.). Thus, it seems that Tripurantakam, and probably the surrounding territory as well, was reconquered by the Kakatiyas from Ambadeva during those two months.

The second Kakatiya offensive was directed against Nellore in southern Andhra, and was led by Adidamu Mallu. Nellore was being ruled by Manuma Gandagopala, who had allied himself with Ambadeva. Manuma Gandagopala was killed by the Kakatiyas, and in his place, Madhurantaka Pottapi Choda Ranganatha (also known as Rajagandagopala) was installed as a subordinate ruler. However, when Rajagandagopala formed an alliance with the Pandyas and invited them into his kingdom, King Prataparudra was compelled to launch a second campaign against Nellore. Rajagandagopala and his Pandya allies were defeated, leaving the Kakatiyas as the masters of southern Andhra once again.

The third Kakatiya offensive was directed against the Seuna Yadavas, who were also allies of Ambadeva. The main participant in this offensive seems to have been Gona Vithala, a Kakatiya subordinate who was ruling at Vardhamanapur in southwest Telangana. Gona Vithala captured the forts of Adavani and Tumbalam in the modern-day Bellary district, as well as Manuva and Hanuva in the Raichur doab. He then proceeded to capture the town of Raichur itself, where a fort was erected. Thus, the Seuna Yadavas had lost control over their southernmost territories in the Krishna-Tungabhadra basin. The Kakatiya invasion of this region seems to have occurred around 1294, the date of Gona Vithala's inscription describing his military achievements.

The Kakatiyas were thus able to emerge victorious over their neighbors in the 1290s, and assert themselves as one of the major powers of peninsular India. However, the Kakatiyas would seen encounter a new enemy unlike anything they had faced previously. In 1295, a Turkish army under Alauddin Khalji crossed the Vindhya mountains in a daring expedition, and seized the Yadava capital of Devagiri. This marked the first time in history that a Muslim army was able to penetrate deep into the Deccan, and it was a sign of more things to come.

The first Turkish invasion of the Kakatiya kingdom took place in 1303. The Turkish army was commanded by Malik Fekhruddin Juna and Jhaju of Kara. The Turks chose to attack the Kakatiyas via Kalinga, advancing southwest from Bengal. However, quite unlike what happened in Maharashtra in 1295, the Turks were met and defeated by a Kakatiya army at the Battle of Upparapalli. The Kakatiya army during this engagement was commanded by the Velama generals Recherla Venna and Potuganti Maili. The Telugu chronicle [i]Velugotivarivamsavali[/i] credits the two generals with "destroying the pride of the Turushkas (Turks)." This Kakatiya victory is also corroborated by Ziauddin Barani, who describes the return of the defeated Turkish army to Delhi.

The next recorded Turkish invasion took place in 1309, when Alauddin Khalji sent a large army commanded by Malik Kafur and Khwaja Haji to Telangana. This new Turkish army attacked the Kakatiyas via Maharashtra, using Devagiri as a base of operations, and utilized Maratha soldiers provided by the Yadava king Ramachandra. The Turks reached Warangal on 19 January 1310, and promptly laid siege to the outer fort. After 25 days, Prataparudra sued for peace, sensing that he lacked the means to successfully defend the fort. He handed over his wealth to the Turks and agreed to send additional tribute in the future.

Meanwhile, the political disturbance caused by the Turkish invasion resulted in a fresh wave of revolts against the Kakatiyas in southern Andhra. Ranganatha of Nellore, as well as the Vaidumba chief Mallideva of Gandikota, both declared independence. To suppress their rebellions, Prataparudra dispatched an army under Juttaya Gonkaya Reddi. The Kakatiya army was able to defeat Mallideva and recapture Gandikota, with Gonkaya Reddi being appointed as the new governor of Gandikota and the surrounding territory. King Prataparudra himself marched south to crush Ranganatha's rebellion.

At this time, the Tamil country was in a state of chaos due to a civil war between the brothers Vira Pandya and Sundara Pandya. This situation was made worse by the invasion of the Hoysala king Ballala III, who was able to capture Kanchi. However, the Hoysalas were not able to hold on to the city for long. The Kakatiyas also decided to intervene in Tamil Nadu, and an army commanded by Peda Rudra managed to defeat Ballala and occupy Kanchi. Vira Pandya attempted to recapture Kanchi, but he was met by a large Kakatiya army personally commanded by King Prataparudra. Vira Pandya was decisively defeated, and consequently lost the Pandya throne to his brother. The northern part of the Pandya kingdom, including the lands between the Penner and Palar rivers, came under Kakatiya control.

It seems that Prataparudra, during the course of these wars in the south, practically ignored the Delhi Sultanat and his promise to send regular tribute. In 1318, the new Sultan of Delhi, Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah, marched to Maharashtra to crush the rebellion of Harapaladeva, who was a vassal of the Turks. After securing Devagiri, the Sultan sent an army under Khusrau Khan to Warangal. To avert conflict, Prataparudra agreed to pay the annual tribute of 100 elephants and a quantity of horses, gold, and gems.

The next appearance of the Turks in Telangana was in 1323. Sultan Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq sent an army to Telangana under his son Ulugh Khan, the future Mohammed b. Tughlaq. According to Ferishta, writing in the 17th century, the reason for this invasion was once again Prataparudra's refusal to pay tribute. Ulugh Khan besieged Warangal for six long months, but he was unable to capture the city. The Turkish forces withdrew in defeat, with the Kakatiyas pursuing them until they had left Telangana.

Different individuals writing in the 14th century give slightly different reasons for the Turkish defeat during this campaign:

1) According to Ziauddin Barani, a false rumour was spread in the Turkish camp by a poet named Ubaid that Sultan Ghiyasuddin had died, and that the new sultan was going to execute some generals in the army. As a result, morale plummeted and confusion spread through the Turkish ranks. The Kakatiyas then seemed to have taken advantage of this situation to attack and rout the Turks.

2) According to Ibn Battuta, the famous Moroccan traveler who visited India, Ulugh Khan desired the throne of Delhi for himself, so he instigated Ubaid to spread the false rumour that Sultan Ghiyasuddin had died. Ulugh Khan hoped that the army's commanders would recognize him as the new sultan, and that he could then march to Delhi and seize the throne. Instead, however, the army's commanders turned against him, and the Turkish camp fell into chaos.

3) According to Isami, Ulugh Khan had consulted an astrologer named Ubaid to determine the most auspicious day to attack Warangal. Ulugh Khan attacked on the day told by Ubaid, but his army failed to make any progress against the Kakatiya defenders. Ubaid, to save himself from being punished for making a wrong prediction, spread the false rumour that the Sultan had died, and that Ulugh Khan was planning on killing some leading amirs and generals in the army. The resulting panic in the Turkish camp then allowed the Kakatiyas to defeat their enemies and drive them out of Telangana.

All three versions of the story agree that the Turks were defeated because of confusion in their camp caused by a false rumour spread by a person named Ubaid, and that the Kakatiyas were able to take advantage of this confusion and rout the Turks. Because Isami was the first to write about this campaign (in 1349, just 26 years after it happened), we can judge his version of the story to be the most credible.

Following their failed attempt to capture Warangal, the Turks withdrew into Maharashtra and took refuge at Devagiri. Sultan Ghiyasuddin, determined to defeat the Kakatiyas, immediately dispatched fresh troops into the Deccan. Wasting no time, Ulugh Khan set out for Telangana once again as soon as he received the reinforcements. The Turks captured Badrikot (probably Bidar), and then Bodhan after a siege of 3-4 days. Ten days later, Ulugh Khan was once again at the gates of Warangal.

The speed with which the Turks returned took the Kakatiyas completely by surprise. King Prataparudra, assuming that the Turks would not return in the near future, had committed a fatal strategic blunder; in celebration of the Kakatiya victory, he had opened the fort's food stores to the public, sold all the grain in the granaries, and dismissed his assembled troops. Thus, when the Turks returned later that year, the fortress at Warangal lacked adequate provisions and an adequate garrison. Nonetheless, the Kakatiyas still managed to hold out for an astounding five months before hunger and lack of basic supplies began wearing them down. Recognizing the futility of the situation, Prataparudra surrendered himself to Ulugh Khan, and the Turks occupied Warangal. Prataparudra was sent north to the Sultan's court in Delhi, but he died on the banks of the Narmada river; in all likelihood, he committed suicide. The Kakatiya dynasty thus came to an end.

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