Telangana360

🌊 All Telangana Rivers & Streams As recorded in Epigraphia Telanganica The four volumes of Epigraphia Telanganica reveal a rich hydrography of medieval Telangana. Rivers and streams were not mere geographical features — they defined political boundaries, enabled irrigation ( nadi-matrika ), became sacred pilgrimage sites ( tirthas ), and anchored royal inscriptions. Below is a comprehensive list drawn from copper plates and stone records. 1. Major River Systems Godavari (Gautami) – Called Gautami in inscriptions. Religious centers like Mantrakuta (Manthani) and Kalesvaram flourished on its banks. It marked the northern boundary of the Kakatiya kingdom and the Vishnukundin territory. Settlements such as Kundavaram and Vilasa were founded here. Krishna (Krishnaveni / Perdore) – Also known as Perdore (“Big River”). Sacred sites: Somasila, Alampur, Mattapalli. Records mention free ferries for pilgrims at crossings like Jatararevu, arranged by high-rank...

Insights from Epigraphia Telanganica 📜 Inscriptions across all four volumes | Western Chalukya & Kakatiya dynasties | Compiled from Vol-I to Vol-IV The inscriptions across all four volumes of Epigraphia Telanganica provide a detailed view of the complex taxation and revenue systems of medieval Telangana, particularly under the Western Chalukya and Kakatiya dynasties. Taxes were categorized as land revenue, trade and customs duties, professional levies, and miscellaneous social fees 1. Major Tax Categories The sources distinguish between several primary types of revenue: Siddaya: A fixed land tax or revenue assessment. 📖 Siddaya was a fixed land tax assessed as a consolidated cash payment per unit of land, not a percentage of the harvest. Unlike ari (which could be ad valorem or produce-based), siddaya remained constant regardless of crop yield — predictable for the state but burdensome for farmers in poor har...

The merchant aristocracy of medieval Telangana 📜 Based on epigraphic records — trade guilds, irrigation tanks, temple patronage, and taxation rights (1067–1336 CE) In the medieval inscriptions of Telangana, the title Setti (alternately spelled Sethi, Setty, or Chetty ) refers to a powerful merchant and trading class. Far from ordinary traders, the Settis dominated economic life through organized guilds ( Nakara ), funded massive irrigation works, built temples, and held direct control over trade taxes. 📌 Epigraphic insight: “The Setti community was not only vital to the economy through the Nakara (merchant guilds) but was also a primary source of civic and religious patronage, responsible for constructing irrigation works, temples, and managing trade-related taxation.” The "Setti" title identifies them as merchant leaders or guild heads, and they did not act alone — they established the temples on behalf of the entire devoted Saliya community...

The Gona or Kona dynasty (c. 1190–1294 CE) were Haihaya/Kayastha descendants who became prominent feudatories of the Kakatiya kings in Telangana. They ruled over Kandur-nāḍu and surrounding tracts, with Vardhamanapura (Mahabubnagar) and Budapuram (Bhoothpur) as their main centers. The dynasty is sometimes referred to as the Gona Kayasthas Claiming descent from Kartaviryarjuna of Mahishmati, the Gonas combined military prowess, administrative skill, and literary patronage. Notable rulers like Gona Budha Reddy and Gona Ganna Reddy were both warriors and patrons of Telugu literature, with Budha Reddy composing the first Telugu Ramayanam (Ranganatha Ramayanam)and his family contributing to its completion. The dynasty played a key role in consolidating Kakatiya authority in Telangana, defended strategic territories against rivals like the Seuna Yadavas, and left a lasting legacy in Telugu literature, temple patronage, and regional governance. Territorial Scope Their inscriptions show au...

Kamareddy district is a district located in the northern region of the Indian state of Telangana. The district shares boundaries with Medak, Nizamabad, Sangareddy, Siddipet and Rajanna Sircilla districts and with the state boundary of Maharashtra and Karnataka. Kamareddy was named after Chinakamireddy who ruled the region in the 17th century. He was also the ruler of the popular Domakonda fort. Old name of this place is KODURU Banswada is a Town and Revenue division in Kamareddy district of the Indian state of Telangana. In olden times it's called Banavasavadi-70 and is part of Sabbisayira or Sayiri, which is now part of Kamareddy district. The District is bifurcated from residual District of Nizamabad and formed as Kamareddy District from 11-10-2016 with ( 3 ) Revenue Divisions viz., Kamareddy, Banswada and Yellareddy and ( 22 ) Mandals including ( 1 ) Municipality i.e., Kamareddy. Rajampet, Bibipet, Ramareddy, Peddakodapgal and Nasrullabad are formed as new mandals apart from exi...

The Natavadi Chiefs (1104 CE - 1269 CE) were a significant feudal dynasty that ruled over the Natavadi Vishaya (region) in present-day Telangana and coastal Andhra Pradesh from the early 12th to the late 13th century (1104 AD - 1269 AD). Initially feudatories of the mighty Western Chalukyas of Kalyani, they navigated the complex political landscape of the Deccan to become important allies and vassals of the rising Kakatiya Empire. Their history is primarily reconstructed from inscriptions found at sites like Nidikonda, Tripurantakam, Draksharama, and Simhachalam. Founder : Durgaraja (Duggabhupa) 1104 AD - 1157 AD  Capital : Madhira (Modern Khammam) Geographica Area Core Area Modern District: Khammam district Key Towns: Madhira: This was one of their capitals, specifically mentioned as Madapalle (which is the ancient name for modern-day Madhira). This town is located in the southeastern part of Khammam district. The surrounding areas of Khammam district would have formed the adminis...