Devarakonda Fort

Devarakonda Fort is located in Devarakonda town in Nalgonda District of Telangana State, India.

Devarakonda which is as Mandal Headquarters, is a tiny village situated in Nalgonda district. The Devarakonda village is home to one of the most astonishing forts found in Telangana. The village attracts many tourists from over the world. There was a time when the fort stood high in place flaunting the glory of the village, but now due to negligence, the fort is in ruins.

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Rachakonda Fort

Rachakonda Fort is a 14th-century fort located in Rachakonda, Narayanapoor Mandal, Nalgonda District, Telangana State, India.
Rachakonda Fort was the capital to the Rachakonda region was first ruled by Kakatiyas and then it was taken by Padma Nayaka dynasty, from them it is concurred Muslim Bahmani Sultanate in1433 AD. Qutub Shahi and Nizams also ruled this kingdom.

The architecture Rachakonda Fort is of medieval Hindu fort architecture. It is a structure made of large stones which are of irregular size and indefinite shape. The fort is constructed without using any Mortar. At the entrance, there are gates that are made of stone pillars and horizontal beams. The exterior walls of the building are built with stones and the interiors are layered with mud. The structure of Rachakonda Fort was strategically developed as a defensive bastion with strong fortifications. It was one of the most prominent structures during the pre-firearms era.

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Kotilingala Fort & Temple

Kotilingala is a historical site nestled amid huge hillocks and thick green cover on the banks of the Godavari River, Velgatur Mandal, Jagtial district of the Indian state of Telangana.

Archaeological discoveries at Kotilingala indicate that it was an important town in ancient town, during the period of the Assaka mahajanapada and the Satavahanas, is a treat for pilgrims.

The site has a mud fort with several gates and running 1054 metres long and 330 metres wide. A watch tower located in the south-eastern corner measures 11.5 * 10.55 m.

Ancient pottery, beads, bricks querns, and other artifacts have been found at the site. 

Two hoards of punch-marked coins attributed to 2nd and 3rd centuries BCE have been found at the site. These coins were issued by Gobhada and Samagopa, who are believed to be local pre-Satavahana rulers.

The mud fortification, protected by a stream on its east and the Godavari river on its west, indicate its high political and commercial significance.

The archaeological evidence at Kotilingala suggests existence of long-distance trade.

Coins of Satavahana kings have also been found at Kotilingala. A few of these are copper and potin coins bearing the legend "Rano Siri Chimuka Satavahanasa". Some scholars such as A. M. Sastry and K. D. Bajpai have identified the issuer of these coins with Simuka, who is considered as the founder of the Satavahana dynasty based on the Puranic genealogies. However, others such as P. L. Gupta and I. K. Sarma have argued that the Kotilingala coins belonged to a later ruler with a similar or same name have disputed this identification. P.V.P. Sastry, who first discovered these coins and attributed them to Simuka in 1978, also changed his view and later stated that Chimuka or Chhimuka of Kotilingala was not same as the Simuka mentioned in Naneghat inscription.

Other coins include those issued by Kanha and Satakarni. The inscriptions of the early Satavahanas have been found only in present-day Maharashtra (at Nashik and Naneghat), based on which western Deccan has been proposed as the original home of the Satavahanas. 

However, the discovery of coins at Kotilingala and other sites in present-day Andhra Pradesh and Telangana has prompted some historians such as M. Rama Rao to theorize that the eastern Deccan was also a part of the early Satavahana territory. V. V. Krishna Sastry theorized that the site was once a stronghold of the early Satavahanas.

 D. R. Reddy and S. Reddy proposed that Kotilingala was the original homeland of the Satavahanas. However, the Satavahana coin samples from Kotilingala are small in size, and it is not known where these coins were minted. S. Chattopadhyaya argues that coins can travel via trade, and this is not conclusive evidence of the early Satavahana presence in eastern Deccan.

The State government has decided to construct a protection wall along the shores of river Godavari to protect the site from submergence under the backwaters of the Sripada Yellampalli project.

There were transportation facilities to the towns located on the bank of the river Godavari such as Godavarikhani, Jagtial, Mancherial, and Karimnagar.

It is also a Hindu Pilgrimage Site with traditional Shiva temple and the Koteswara Siddeshwara Temple.

The traditional Sri Koteswara Siddeshwara Swamy Devasthanam temple with picturesque background is about 60 km from the Karimnagar.

A good black-topped road from Karimnagar to Rayapatnam takes the pilgrims to the temple in Velgatur mandal. A three-km drive from the main road takes one to the temple.

Legend has it that sages used to meditate in the caves adjoining the hillocks called ‘Munula Gutta’ and visit the banks of the Godavari for bathing. The sages decided to construct a temple and asked Lord Hanuman to get a Siva Lingam. When Lord Hanuman failed to come on time, the sages installed a Siva linga made of sand granules.

By the time Lord Hanuman arrived the Siva lingam was completed leaving the former infuriated. Locals say, Hanuman was pacified and people were asked to first offer prayers to the lingam brought by Hanuman and later to the lingam made with sand granules. According to temple priest Sanjay Sharma, newly-wedded couples offer prayers at this shrine for happy family, good siblings and prosperity.

Koti Lingala has a hoary past as the Satavahana kings used the Godavari for navigation and transportation of goods. It is evident from the wharf on the banks of the river. Buddhism and Jainism also prevailed in the region on “Munula Gutta’ as was evident during the excavations made by the State Archaeology Department.

Pilgrims planning to visit the temple can stay in hotels that suit everybody’s pocket. There is not enough accommodation in the temple nor does the place have good restaurants. Some pilgrims prefer to visit the shrine and cook food in the nearby woods and return in the evening. It is also one of the convenient places during the Godavari Pushkarams because of less flow of pilgrims.

Sources

http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/Koti-Lingala-a-major-pilgrim-destination/article11148987.ece

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koti_Lingala

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Mallur Gutta Fort and Temple

Mallur Gutta and Fort are located near Mallur village, Mangapet Mandal, Mulugu district in Telangana, India is said to be bigger than Warangal and Golconda forts.

A sprawling ancient fort in the region is the massive 8 km-radius fort wall with seven entry points dating back to the Satavahana period.

Locally known as Mallur Fort, located 4 km inside the forests near Mallur village of Mangapet mandal, Mulugu district, the fort is on the banks of the river Godavari adjacent to the Eturunagaram-Bhadrachalam highway.

“Normally, forts are two to four km in radius. But this fort wall has a radius of about 8 km, much bigger than Warangal and Golconda forts.

Mallur Hemachala Lakshmi Narsimha Swamy Temple is the most ancient architectural divine ensemble which is located on the Mallur Ghat in the Mangapeta mandal of Mulugu district.

The ancient temple of Lord Lakshminarasimha Swamy was built in a strategic and secluded locale of the hill. The temple is famous for its swayambhu (self-formed) deity. It was stated to be constructed by the Chola Emperors during the period 1010–1200 (perhaps, under Rajaraja I and II). 

Situated in the beautiful mountain ranges on the southern bank of Godavari, this temple is famous for its Swayambhu deity with a vast historical background and cultural heritage. It is a well known fact that the name Sri Hemachalam came into existence due to the oldest beliefs in these traditions and customs.

The beautiful and mellifluous nature around the temple premises is beyond description. The splendid scenery surrounded by the mountain ranges along which pass the narrow path, outlined by different varieties of medicinal trees through which flows the Chintamani Lake a quenching delight to all the devotees all through the year and a source of water resource for the people staying in this place. It is no exaggeration to say that this deified environment cannot be seen in any other place of historical richness.

The temple is ever-enduring with year-long festivities which mark the commencement of special archanas and sevas giving a festive mood to all and sundry all through the year.

The Tirukkalyanam and the Brahmotsavam of the residing deity, the Hemachala Lakshmi Narasimha Swamy are celebrated on Vaishakha Shuddha Chaturdashi, every year with much devotion and fervour in this divine land and offer monetary support through donations and gifts and strengthen the historical significance of the place and fulfill their dreams, desires and ambitions by seeking the blessings of the lord Narasimha swamy.

This temple has many specialities, the height of mollaviraat Sri Narasimha Swamy is upto 10 feet. It is located in the midst of forest. The Belly part of Moolavirat idol is soft as human skin.
The dwjasthambha here at the temple is nearly 60 feet in height.

Rockformed Ugra Anjaneya Swamy Statue near to the temple.  It is the first of its kind known in South India. There is a continuous water flow near the temple, where it's from the top of the hills.

According to the historical stories, the demon king, Ravana had gifted this place to his loving sister, Shurpanaka where around 14000 demons lead by Khara Dushana were done to death by the great Rama. It was Agastya , the great sage who gave the present name to the shrine as Hemachalam.

There is a belief exhibited by the devotees that the deity, if alone, enflames the temple premises. But as the deity is affixed with a golden Goddess Lakshmi on his chest region, the deity assumes tranquility thus lessening the troubles due to fire accidents. It is a divine wonder to note that the sandal in the fluid form flows through the Umbilicus of the great Maha vishnu. Understanding the gravity of the miracles that the temple holds for itself, the devotees in large number throng to the temple to offer their prayers to fulfill their wishes, to beget children or to redeem themselves from sins and obstacles (doshas) that a student faces during his life career. There are many stories that are depicted regarding the miracles exhibited by the deity.In this temple of fervour and devotion reside, the Yogananda Swamy accompanied by the Goddess, Sri Lakshmi, Hanuman as the Kshetrapalaka and Gods and Goddesses like Uma Maheshwara and Sri Venugopalaswamy to name a few.

Based on the historical significance of this great temple, it is assumed that this temple has been a center of religious prosperity even in the periods ruled by Krishnadevaraya and the Kakatiya kings. Looking at the regal grandeur of ornamentation of the deities and the funds released and the lands donated by these kings towards temple administration and governance give a feel of an affluent heritage of this enormous temple. According to the Chinna Jeeyar Swamy , the Ramalayam in Mallur is older and the residing deity is taller than that of Bhadrachalam . presently, this temple is in ramshackle. It is our responsibility and earnest duty to help restructure it to uphold the cultural prosperity of the Hindus and the rich heritage of India. 

Vasanthothsav

Hundreds of pilgrims visit the temple every Saturday; about 50,000 pilgrims from the state and the neighboring states like Chattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh throng the temple in May to participate in the annual celebration called Vasanthothsav.

The “Chintamani” waterfall (a natural stream) is another attraction It is the perennial source of water, and the people conceive this water as sacred; they use it for bathing and also take it home in bottles. A natural spring runs through the dense forest believed to have medicinal qualities called malluru spring waters. 

All along the path towards the divine shrine, there are bore wells laid in order to give respite to the traveling devotee s and there is a water tank being constructed on the divine hillock (ghat) along with power supply being given during the Jataras for a comfort able darshan of the deity by the devotees. 

Sacred Grove

Mallur Gutta sacred grove, a hill spread over 1,500 hectares. As per a recently published study it is home to around 470 species of plants including some which are listed in red list of International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Around 200 hectares of the hill was accorded status of Medicinal Plants Conservation Area. Some medicinal plants found in Mallur Gutta have are not seen anywhere else in Telangana State.

The Mallur Gutta ecosystem is to be considered sacred for its natural wealth and primary plant–people linkage and conserved. Mallur, with its ethnomedicinal plant wealth, emerged as the number one site in the district. In the proximity of the tiny village Mallur exists the small hill range called Mallur Gutta (Gutta means hill in the local dialect). It is spread over 1500 ha and is considered by the local people as a habitat for valuable medicinal plants useful for their primary health care.

The Mallur Gutta (Hill) of Warangal district in Telangana state, India, reputed as a habitat for medicinal plants, was inventoried from 2009 to 2015 for its plant wealth through the traditional knowledge of the local people. 

Ethnomedicinal importance of 167 taxa was documented for the Mallur Gutta, Mallur village and the nearby villages which are largely inhabited by the ethnic Koya community. The present study reports many more of these uses by local people; when the uses are listed according to parts of the plants, the leaf dominates the list (23.88%), followed by the whole plant (15.34%), root (12.43%), stem bark (11.46%), fruit (10.10%),

The Hindu temples of Lord Sri Laxminarasimha Swamy and Lord Hanuman, and the ethnic worship of mahua trees indicated it was a sacred grove which was selected as a Medicinal Plants Conservation Area. The exploration of Mallur Gutta resulted in the enumeration and documentation of plant wealth representing 470 species of 318 genera pertaining to 95 families of vascular plants. The importance of the grove as the residence for many rare or medicinal species in the state of Telangana is documented. The plant diversity is analyzed in terms of growth and life forms which indicate the prevailing microclimate, ecological opportunities and the species richness. The ecological services rendered by the Mallur Gutta forest ecosystem are documented to study how the great majority of the species are used by the ethnic and nonethnic people, and also the pilgrims who visit the shrine for its serenity. The study also identified two major threats to the conservation of hill ecosystem and the archeological site: 1) biotic pressure (the ever-increasing pilgrims, grazing by cattle, goat and sheep, the development activities taken up for the pilgrims, nondegradable litter thrown, collection of medicinal plants and widening of the pathway to the Chintamani perennial stream – the trampling and alien plant invasions of the marsh sustaining the stream); and 2) the potential for fire spreading from burning the litter. The study suggests the need to initiate remedial measures toward ecosystem recovery through fencing the natural vegetation, maintaining a fire line, and restricting the movement of people and domesticated animals on the hill top.

The top ten dominant families
Among the 95 families found on Mallur Gutta, Fabaceae (Leguminosae) predominate with 71 taxa, distantly followed by Malvaceae (31), Asteraceae (19), Rubiaceae and Convolvulaceae (16 each), Amaranthaceae, Acanthaceae and Apocynaceae (15 each), Euphorbiaceae, Lamiaceae and Cyperaceae (14 each), Phyllanthaceae (13), Moraceae (11), Combretaceae and Poaceae (10 each) and Cucurbiataceae (9). The dominant five plant families, in the order of their utility, found for intracultural cognizance study in the Warangal district (Eturnagaram Wildlife Sanctuary and Mallur) are Fabaceae, Malvaceae, Euphorbiaceae (sensu lato), Rubiaceae and Acanthaceae. We find similarity between the sacred grove and the sanctuary with regard to familywise useful species and the use trend, since the knowledge holders and the beneficiaries in both the habitats are of the same tribe, the Koya. However, Asteraceae is found used more in the sanctuary area which indicates that the area is open for invasive exotics, as reported for the state. Here, we may say that the sacred grove has much more integrated ecosystem when compared to the Eturnagaram Wildlife Sanctuary, which is under protection as per the Wildlife Protection Act 1972. With their inactions, the Telangana State Forest Department and the Telangana State Biodiversity Board are accountable for the ecosystem degradation in the Eturnagaram Wildlife Sanctuary.

Rare and interesting species
The red-listed medicinal plant species like Aegle marmelos, Celastrus paniculatus, Cheilocostus speciosus, Gloriosa superba, Litsea glutinosa, Oroxylum indicum, Smilax perfoliata and Stemona tuberosa and the rare plants like Cordia macleodii, Curcuma inodora, Ehretia laevis, Habenaria roxburghii and Mucuna pruriens var. hirsuta are found in the Mallur hill range . And, Anodendron paniculatum, Dysolobium pilosum, Globba marantina, Flagellaria indica and Paederia foetida are so far found by us only in this sacred grove area, and nowhere else in the entire state of Telangana.

Wildlife
The Mallur hill supports the wild animals like monkey (Macaca mulatta – kothi), Hanuman langur (Presbytis entellus – konda muchu), bison (Bison bison bison – adavi dunna), Jungle cat (Felis chauns – jangu pilli), mongoose (Herpestes eddwardsi – mungeesa), wild dog (Cuon alpines – resu kukka), house rat (Rattus rattus rufescens – eluka), fornhorned antelope (Tetracerus quadriconis – konda gorre), nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus – manu bothu), spotted deer (Axis axis – podala duppi), wild boar (Sus scrofa – adavi pandi, wild pig), three-striped squarrel (Funambulus palmarum – udutha), wild hen, terrapin (Melanochelys trijuga – neeti tabelu), lizard (Calotes verricolor – thonda), forest calotes (Calotes rouxii – adavi thonda), chameleon (Chamaeleo zeylanicus – usaravelli), monitor lizard (Varanus bengalensis – udumu), dhaman rat snake (Ptyas mucosus – jerri pothu), water snake (Xenochrophis piscator – neeti pamu), buff-striped keelback (Amphiesma stolatum – wanapamu) and krait (Bungarus caeruleus – katla pamu) which can be seen in the Eturnagaram Wildlife Sanctuary.

Ethnic people: the Koyas (Dorla Koitur)
The Koyas are the southernmost section of the great Gond race of central India (Gondwana). The population of this scheduled tribe is largely, though not exclusively, concentrated in Telangana and makes up the majority of the tribal population in the agency areas in the districts of Karimnagar, Warangal and Khammam, along the River Godavari. Like the Gonds of Adilabad district, they lost much of their prime land, which they cultivated with ploughs and bullocks, and are largely reduced to the position of tenants and agricultural laborers. The process of detribalization has progressed further among the Koyas than among any other Gond tribe. Their occupational or territorial realms divide the Koyas into six subgroups, viz. 

1. Gotte Koya – who dance with a bison horn on head and dress like Marias; 
2. Manne Koya – who inhabit secluded forest areas; 
3. Gampa Koya – who make baskets (Gampalu in Telugu); 
4. Warre Koya (warre means wild buffalo; bison) – who do not engage themselves in settled agriculture but live in the jungle as hunter-gatherers eating roots/tubers, fruits, etc.; 
5. Bunka Koya – the civilized people among the Koyas who live in plains and take up settled farming;
6. Dora Koya – they are Raja Gonds and call themselves Dorlasattam (Lord Groups). The first four subgroups still speak the Gondi dialect, whereas the last two largely lost their own language and speak Telugu of their Hindu neighbors

Protection
The hill area should be fenced, or a deep trench is to be dug around the area to prevent illegal occupation of forest land. 

The overexploitation of the forest for fuelwood, timber, medicinal plants, etc. is going on unabated with no proper governmental controls.

Human interference during festivals, holidays, Medaram Jatara and Godavari Pushkaralu is a menace to the Mallur forest and its ecosystem integrity

Travel
Presently, the 4 KM runway to the temple premises is being journeyed through various transportation facilities by the devotees to reach His shrine. The ITDA Eturunagaram has developed pucca roads in place of the unaccommodating and inconvenient roads thereby making the trava il of the devotees easier.
90 Km from Bhadrachalam and 130 KM from Warangal City.


Contact
Telephone  : +91-9440634985 and +91-9666887393
E-mail
info@hemachelam.info


Sources
Suthari S, Kandagalta R, Ragan A, Raju VS. Plant wealth of a sacred grove: Mallur Gutta, Telangana state, India. Int J Gen Med. 2016 Oct 26;9:369-381. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S83441. PMID: 27822080; PMCID: PMC5087761.

http://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/travel/190117/hyderabad-team-finds-huge-satavahana-fort-wall-in-forest.html http://hemachalam.com/Default.aspx

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Meduk or Medak Fort

The Medak Fort is situated in Medak town, Medak District, Telanagana State India . This is an important historical site around Hyderabad. At a distance of 2.3 km from Medak Bus Station and 95 km from Hyderabad, 

The fort was originally known as Methuku durgam, which denotes cooked rice. The fort was the command post for the rulers of Kakatiyas and also for the Qutub Shahis who ruled the area.

The fort which was built between 1139 AD and 1157 AD by the 2nd Prolaraju of Kakatiya dynasty continues to amaze tourists coming from all over the world.

It is a huge structure located on the top of a hill. One has to climb more than 500 steps to reach the top of the fort, which occupies 100 acres on the hilly area. Medak Fort is noted for its architectural magnificence. The architecture of the fort represents a blend of Hindu and Islamic styles. The main entrance proudly displays the double-headed Gandabherundam of the Kakatiyas. It has three main entrances, the Prathama Dwaram, the Simha Dwaram- that has two snarling lions at the top of the entrance and the Gaja Dwaram or Elephant's Entrance that has a sculpture of two elephants interlocked on both sides. The huge boundary walls of the fort have several bastions carved from the rocks and boulders of the hillock.

The fort houses a small lake, a barrack and a warehouse. The fort has a 17th century mosque that was constructed by the Qutub Shahi rulers. Although the Fort is in ruin state, it still holds the glory of the history hence it is one of the important historical sites to visit. It provides an excellent picturesque view of the town and the regions around.

It is a huge structure located on the top of a hill. It takes about 10 minutes drive from the town on the newly built CC road and about one-and-a-half hour drive from the State capital.

One has to climb more than 500 steps to reach the top of the fort, which was built about 800 years back in Medak, the former headquarters of the district. Built about 90 metres height from ground level and spread in about 100 acres on the hilly area, the fort attracts ones attention.

One can find huge structures inside the fort, which are in a dilapidated condition, used as stable for horses and elephants. On the top of the third gate, at both left and right sides the ‘Ganda Bherunda,' emblem of Vijayanagara Empire built by Srikrishna Devaraya, stands out. It was believed that the fort built by Kakatiya's was renovated by Qutub Shahis's around 400 years ago. The Medak fort, which was ruled by two dynasties -- Kakatiya's and Qutub Shahi's -- is crying for attention. Large size bushes and trees have come up across the hilly location.

One of the iconic structures of Medak which has withstood several invasions and has seen dynastic changes for over eight centuries is the Medak fort, which was also known as Metukudurgam. 

What we know as Medak today, has seen many changes in its nomenclature such as Vaidikapuram, Rachaveedu, Siddapuram, Gulshanabad, Sadapur Vedik and so on, under the rule of Kalyan Chalukyas, Kakatiyas, Bahmanis, Qutub Shahis and Asaf Jahis who have left their architectural marks on the fort.

Medak fort was built as an expansion strategy of Kakatiya dynasty which held control of Warangal, but extended its control into Saddinadu (the western parts) including Medak, Karimnagar and Adilabad districts of the present. The fort is located on a hillock with a strategic military advantage, being close to the confluence of Haldi Vagu and Manjira River. Methukudurgam was built for military defence of the area covering around 300 settlements.

Massive walls, rooms, burjs (towers), palace, grain and gun powder storage rooms made of granite and sand stone built and rebuilt over several centuries by various rulers on the hillock speaks of the amount of labour that went into maintaining the fort through history. Smell of gunpowder still emanates from one of the rooms.

There are a few statues of Gattamma goddess (local deity) in some of the caves and people still offer prayers there. There used to be a Shiva temple at the top of the hillock, where now stands a mosque which was built in the 17th century by the Qutub Shahis. There are several gates to enter the fort and each gate has a unique identity. Two lions, two elephants with riders wielding bows and arrows, two peacocks and other sculptures are still intact on the pillars of the gates.

The top of the hillock presents a spectacular view of water bodies on all its sides and devotional and celebratory music from the town can be heard quite clearly at the top. There is a pond called Raju-Rani cheruvu which is currently full with water and is a perfect location to shoot a romantic scene for any movie. There are also naturally formed wells on the hillock from where water used to be supplied to the fort using pipelines and simple physics of the ancient times.

There is also a 3.2 metres long 17th century cannon still intact at the fort. Though much of the fort has been destroyed, there is much scope for protecting it by making structural renovations. The fort certainly needs more security personnel and stricter regulations with respect to use of plastic and disposal of garbage on the hillock.

Gulshan Mahal, a palace located on the hillock has now been transformed into Hotel Haritha Resort and is managed by Tourism Development Corporation. There are 4 rooms (AC Suite- Rs 1500 and AC room- Rs 1200 per 24 hours) and a restaurant with a very reasonably priced menu. Reservations can be made at 9133533917.

The Hotel is currently catering to private parties and is a perfect venue to hold birthdays, coming of age functions, even wedding receptions. “It would be great if parks can be developed on the hillock and kids’ play areas are setup. That would really enhance the look of the fort,” suggested Sebastian, Project Manager of Bahubalimovie, who was flying a drone at the Raju-Rani cheruvu, trying to film his mother and wife who seemed to be having a great saas-bahu chatting time sitting by the pond during sunset on Sunday.

So, if you are one of those adventurous types, archaeology enthusiast, nature lover, a school, or even if you are a honeymoon couple, Medak Fort is one heritage protected site which should be on your list of places to visit during a lifetime- better sooner than later. Above all, there is no ticket to have this out of the world experience which would take you back in time during the days of old when the knights were bold. You may actually stumble upon something of historic significance, you never know.

It was now agreed that the siege of Owsa should be continued by the allies , while Jumsheed Kootb Shah should recover the fort of Meduk , of which Kasim Bereed Shah had lately obtained possession

http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/medak-fort-left-to-ruin/article2980723.ece


http://www.trawell.in/telangana/medak/medak-fort




http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Commoner/2016-11-09/Metukudurgam-to-regain-its-past-glory/263177

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Atmakur Amarchinta Samsthan

Atmakur Amarchinta Samsthan is in Wanaparthy district.

Founder : Sri Gopal Reddy

Capitals : Initially Thippadam valley. Later the capital was shifted to Atmakur on the left bank of Krishna River.

Surname of the family is Mukkaravaru.

1268 AD - 1278 AD : Sri Gopal Reddy
The ancestor of Amarchinta Samthanam, Gopal Reddy was the native of Chandragiri which is situated 11 kms away from Tirupathi Gona Ganna Reddy (A.D.1262-1296) one of the feudatories of Kakatiyas when visited Thirupathi developed an acquaintance with Gopal Reddy and invited him to Vardhamanpura which is presently called Waddeman. He was made as Nadagoud of thirty of forty villages in Makthalparagana and given the responsibilities of extending the irrigational facilities and collection of revenues

Pedda Gopi Reddy are Gopi Reddy are sons of Sri Gopal Reddy
1278 AD - 1350 AD : Chinna Gopi Reddy I

Gopal Reddy’s sons Pedda Gopi Reddy and Chinna Gopi Reddy further established their supremacy in this region. They were also bestowed with several other villages in Amarachinta, Waddeman, Utkur and Kodechurparaganas by Gona Kata Reddy, the sons of Gona Buddha Reddy. Their position had increased from Nadagoud to Sarnadagoud. 

After the fall of the Kakatiyas in A.D.1323 this region went into the hands of Bahamani Sultans. Owing to their local power base, their position was recognised by the new over-lords i.e., the Muslim Sultans of Bahamani Kingdom. The Bahamani Sultans further enhanced their power in recognition of their services such as suppressing the rebellious Zamindars in neighbouring provinces. Raja Ram one of the Zamindar in the Raichur provinces when rebelled against the Bahamani Sultan Hasan Gangu, Chinna Gopi Reddy raided with his forces the Zamindari of Rajaram and took him captive to Padusha [Sultan]. For such valour the Bahamani Sultan bestowed on him the revenue and military powers on pancha mahals i.e.,
Makthal, Utkur, Amarchinta, Waddeman, Kadechur in addition to Muzafarnagar.

1350 AD - Chandra Reddy
Ramakrishna Reddy

After the battle of Tallikota (A.D.1565) the Amarchinta provinces came under the influence of Qutubshahi’s of Golkonda. 

Tirumala Reddy

Tirumala Rao

During the times of Thirmal Rao the entire Jagirs and inams belonging to Gopal Reddy family of Amarchita was divided between Saheb Reddy and Gopi Reddy, the sons of Tirumala Rao

1655 AD : Sahebu Reddy I

Saheb Reddy became the chief of Kodechur, Makthal and Utkur Paraganas Waddeman and Amarchinta were taken over by Gopi Reddy-II. But within short period Saheb Reddy family lost its sway over all the
Paraganas which were under its control.

 

1653 AD - 1675 AD : Emmedi Gopi Reddy II

In A.D. 1653 Gopi Reddy-II helped in suppressing the rebel leaders Venkat Rao and Gopal Rao of Gurramgudda (an Island) for which deed the Kutubshahi Sultan (Abdulla Kutubsha) bestowed on him the Jagirs of Allipuram and Muchintala. He was also made Munsabdar of 500 footmen and 200 cavalries 

Contemporary of Abdullah Qutub Shah (1626 to 1672) who acknowledged his help in the war. 

Became the ruler of Amarachinta and Vaddaman.

He became one of the most prominent mansabdars in Golkonda . He built tankbunds at Muchintala, Pillalamarri villages and dug a tank at Fareedpur

1675 AD - 1680 AD : Sarva Reddy
Helped Aurangzeb.

Later his son Sarva Reddy continued the tradition and provided several irrigational facilities in the region. He dug a channel from Bandravalli stream to the neighbouring villages. He also built an ayacut at Pusalapadu

village

1680 AD - 1687 AD : Chinna Reddy Desai

Built a fort at Amarachinta and made it Samsthanams capital.

From the times of Chenna Reddy, the son of Sarva Reddy this family became politically strong local potentant and their services as mansabdars gradually disappeared and became almost independent little king in this region. This new phase was marked by the act of construction of a fort in the year A.D.1680 at Amarchinta which became the capital of the Samsthanam

Saiva Reddy
Thimma Reddy I
Emmadi Saheb Reddy I
Asaf jahi invaded Karnataka and sought the help of Saheb Reddy in the war and gave the title Savai Raja
Bukka Reddy
Lakshma Reddy
Sheshadri Reddy
Thatha Reddy
Thimma Reddy II
Somi Reddy
Chinna Venkat Reddy
1803 AD : Pedda Venkat Reddy

Balakrishna Reddy

Soma Bhupala

Sitaram Bhupala

Srimanth Savai Raja

Sri Rama Bhupala

Savai Rani Bhagya Laximmama





International Journal of Recent Advances in Multidisciplinary Topics
Volume 4, Issue 6, June 2023
https://www.ijramt.com | ISSN (Online): 2582-7839

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Jataprolu or Jatprole Kollapur Samsthanam

Jataprolu or Jatprole Kollapur Samsthanam was also known as Kollapur estate. It is located in Nagarkurnool district in Telangana.

It was one of the most ancient and historic Samasthanas. It is said that Pillalamarri Bethel Reddy was the founder of Samsthana.

The samsthana capital was Kollapur town and it became center.

Kollapur is a region that spans the Nallamala forest situated on the banks of River Krishna. Part of Telangana.

Kollapur is quite famous for mangoes as well as the presence of Aerodrome and helipad from as early as 1900 A.D. Because of the broad roads and neighboring tree plantations, people used to refer to Kollapur as Telangana Mysore.

Kollapur samasthan has hundreds of temples with Someshwra, Malleshwara and Sangameshwara temples being the most prominent. Kollapura also show traces of treasures dating from the 2nd century. Most of the temples here are more than 1500 years old.
A massive lift irrigation project work worth 1500 crores is going on near Kollapur. Of the tourist destinations, it is worth to watch famous SOMASILA temple, which is located just 9 km away from Kollapur. Recently long awaited bitumen road is also laid from Kollapur to Somasila.


The Madhava Swamy temple at Kollapur was originally built by the Rajas of Jetprole during the 16 th century A.D. on the left bank of river Krishna, at Manchalakatta. The architecture of the temple is exceedingly beautiful.

All around the temple walls the beautifully carved sculptures depicting the 24 aspects of Vishnu and the Dasa-Avatars of Vishnu. Various pillars supporting the Mandapa, the Garudalaya add beauty to the temple complex.

Due to the submergence under the Srisailam project reservoir, this temple was shifted and transplanted at Kollapur.
Surabi was the surname of the rulers and they belong to Recherla Gothram.

Mada Naidu Krishna

1507 AD : Malla Bhupathi Naidu

1650 AD : Surabhi Madhava Raya
Author of the Chandrika Parinayam

1694 AD : Narasinga Rao

1850 : Surabhi Lakshama Rao

1851 - 1884 AD : Lakshami Jagannada Rao

1884 - 1929 AD : Raja Venkata Lakshama Rao

1929 AD : Rani Venkata Rathnamma

1948 AD : Raja Surabhi Venkata Jaganadha Rao

http://www.accessindiatourism.com/telangana/historical/visit-the-temple-town-of-kollapur-samasthan-in-mahabubnagar-district-telangana/


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kollapur

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Nizamabad Fort

Nizamabad Fort, also known as Nizamabad Quilla, is a fort in

Nizamabad in the Indian state of Telangana. It was built in 10th century by Rashtrakuta Kings and is situated in the southwest of the city.which is 2 kilometers from Gandhi Chowk.

The Jagannath Temple, also known as Qilla Ramalayam or Raghunath Temple, is on top of the fort and is a tourist attraction and religious place for Hindu devotees. The Rama temple is believed to have been built by Chatrapati Shivaji on the orders of his mentor Ramdas Mantra The temple has spacious halls which are spread over an area of 3,900 sq. ft, the halls has a unique system of ventilation that keeps it cool always.The place has a 53-feet high pillar, which used to be lit every day. It is said that after seeing this lamp, the surrounding villagers used to light lamps at their homes.

The fort is said to have been built by Rashtrakuta Kings in around 10th century. In 1311, the fort was occupied by Alauddin Khilji who was the second ruler of the Khilji dynasty reigning from 1296 to 1316 and later it was captured by Qutub Shahis and then the Asaf Jahis who were the Nizams of Hyderabad, who then rebuilt the fort.

Nizamabad Fort is one of the most famous forts in the city that is a blend of power, elegance and architectural brilliance. Rashtraputha rulers constructed the fort during the 10th century. Located on top of a hill at an altitude of about 300 meters, the fort has been ruled by various dynasties and it has undergone modifications periodically. 

The temple of Rama in the fort was built by Chatrapathi Shivaji, the famous Marathi ruler. The huge corridors, mundaps and the mahamundaps in the temple are awe-inspiring. Influences of Jain dynasty are seen in some ancient artifacts.

The fort has a large area surrounded by masonry walls which has huge bastions at the corners which resembles Muslim architecture. There is a huge compound inside the walls of the fort which houses a mosque, a school and on the way up to the fort there is a jail which was used by the Asaf Jahi's dynasty. As visitors go up, they can get a glimpse of the scenery around and a view of the entire city of Nizamabad. There is a temple situated on the top. The Department of Tourism has spent Rs 9.30 lakhs for various development activities which include strengthening of the guard rooms, fiber roof path, toilets and urinals etc. in the year 2001.

The fort compound houses an old mosque which was built by Nizam and a borstal school of Jail Dept. both located near the entrance gate. On the left side of the fort is a small lake, it is believed that there is a secret tunnel near the lake which was built by the orders of Nizam. The compound and the walls resembles the Asaf Jahi style of architecture as some of them were rebuilt or were renovated under the reign of Nizams from whom the city got its name from.

There is a small dargah on the rear side of the temple on the top of the fort. Sunni Muslim devotees used to visit the place on an yearly basis to celebrate the Urs festival, however since recent years there has been no visitors and the tombs are damaged due to harsh atmosphere.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nizamabad_Fort

https://highwayonlyway.com/tag/nizamabad-fort/

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Nirmal Forts

Nirmal is a city of forts surrounded by Satpura Hills, dense forests, rivers and waterfalls.

There are 4 forts in a radius of 15 kms range from Nirmal. Three small forts are nearby Nirmal town and the fourth bigger one is 10 km from Nirmal.

These forts are locally named as Quilla Gutta or Bhairava Gutta or Nirmal Fort, Batisghad, Syamghad and Sonaghad. These are basically military forts strategically located on ancient trade route.

Not much is known about the forts of Nirmal, but it is believed that most of them were built around 1650 under the rule of Srinivasa Rao and Asaf Jahis to check the entry of enemies from Maharashtra.

While the forts have been extensively ravaged over the years, the ramparts still stand strong, testifying to the engineers’ skill and talent. However, while the fortifications are extant, most of the structures inside are completely dilapidated. Worse, several haphazard constructions and unplanned development have swallowed the lower reaches of the fort and at the rate at which they are proliferating, not much will remain of the structure in the years to come.

Nirmal Fort or Quilla Gutta or Bhairava Gutta
Almost every hillock in Nirmal has a fort or the ruins of a fortification. So if you ask for directions to a particular fort, predictably there is a lot of confusion. Adding to the confusion, the Nirmal Fort as some people like to call it has multiple names, utterly confounding the first-time visitor. And this despite the fact that the fort is in the middle of the city and towers above it. However, there is a solution the most well known landmark for Quilla Gutta or Bhairava Gutta, as the Nirmal Fort is also known, is the Devarakonda temple on its western periphery.

There is a well located inside the fort, called the Atta-Kodalla bavi (Mother-in law, daughter-in-law well). You can get a beautiful view of the town from this fort, but it's tough finding your way through the shrubs and undergrowth that dot the fort. 

Nirmal fort has multiple entrances, with one of the main entrances being on the western side diagonally opposite the police station next to the Devarakonda temple. A paved road lined with houses leads up to large tanks. From there, the path becomes narrower and leads to an entrance of the fort, outside of which there is a temple. Within, there a few ruined structures including a series of arches at the edge. There are many trails lined with dense overgrowth of thorny brambles, which makes exploring the fort seem like an adventure sport. After making your way through the scrub – hopefully unbruised – you will reach one of the bastions. The view from atop here makes the expedition completely worth it, especially during sunset when the city and the surrounding hills are awash in golden hues.

On the northern part of the fort, there is another entrance beside a garbage dump, where a recently-constructed staircase leads to the top. There is a statue of Bhairava on one of the boulders, but not much can be accessed here as the paths have been blocked due to random construction of houses. 

Head to Soangarh or Soan Fort, 12km from Nirmal. Shyamgarh and Battisgarh are two other important forts in the vicinity. Mostly deserted, the forts offer solitude as you climb up the rickety steps and trace the path to hidden doors and windows.

Battis Garh Fort

At the eastern periphery of the town, there are a series of expansive lakes over which towers the Battis Garh fort. It is one of the largest fortifications of Nirmal, though remarkably desolate. The entrance of the fort is on the west and is accessible by a staircase constructed in recent years. While the ramparts and bastions are largely intact, most of the structures inside are in ruins. Ahead of the entrance, there is a bastion with an inclined path leading up to it. However, this is often covered in thick vegetation, making it difficult to spot. There is a cannon atop the bastion, which has spectacular views of the city and the surrounding forts.

Apart from the ruins, the fort mostly has scrubs and boulders. The overgrowth is often burned to clear the pathways. There is also a pillared hall to the left of the entrance.

On the hillock opposite Battis Garh is another smaller fort. Depending on the rainfall, you might see a shallow lake populated with water birds between the two. The forts are accessible by a dirt track off the Vellapally Road, which is to the east of the town.

Shamgarh or Nirmal Fort

Nirmal Fort, also called as the Shamgarh fort, was built by the French.

According to the history of Nirmal town, the fort was built as part of a defense mechanism by French engineers. Material used for constructing the structure was stone and mortar. It was erected during the regime of Srinivas Rao who was chieftain of Nirmal.

As you approach Nirmal from Hyderabad, it is hard to miss Shyam Garh on your left. The rugged fort once overlooked a picturesque lake, though now a highway divides the two. The entrance of the fort is to the north. Not much remains of this citadel apart from a few ruins and walkways on parts of the rampart.

The fort was erected by Nimma Naidu who ruled the region in the 17th Century. 

The Nirmal word was derived from his name. Nimma Naidu had encouraged the artisan community and promoted their art. He had asked the Nakashi community to come to Nirmal and encouraged their paintings which were popular worldwide. Nirmal paintings and toys were made of a rare lightweight Poninki wood which was available in the Adilabad forests.

Now, restoration works of the collapsed and damaged walls of the fort have been undertaken at a cost of Rs 75 lakh. The officials denied reports of construction of a restaurant or any other permanent structure inside and outside the fort. The restoration works are being supervised by engineers of the archaeology department. District tourism officer V. Ravi Kumar made it clear that the restoration works were going on as per prescribed norms. Private contractors were doing works under the supervision of archeological engineers. However, tourism officials are yet to arrange lighting and music system at the fort.

Multiple restoration projects have been undertaken and the government has tried to make the monument more tourist-friendly, though these attempts have not made much headway. At the time of research, the beautiful stone battlements were being painted a ghastly white. The remains of bright blue umbrellas and broken benches are strewn all over the fort.

There is a Haritha cafeteria next to the monument, though it is currently under renovation. Shyam Garh is about 2km south of the city centre on the NH 7. Tourism department is planning a rural tourism project at Kadthal on Nirmal bypass road.

Soan Garh 
This fort, close to the Godavari, must have once been an important outpost for many rulers, but now it stands forlorn amidst fields. However, the stone battlements of Soan Garh, rising sharply from the surrounding flatlands, still stand sturdy despite the ravages of time and neglect. A rocky, inclined path takes you to the entrance of the fort. Soan Garh is quite small, though no less impressive, compared to the other forts of Nirmal. Inside there are a few boulders and ruins overrun by dense overgrowth. A tunnel at the rear of the fort leads to a small outpost, which is a great spot for birdwatching.

Soan village is south of Nirmal on the NH 7. The fort is about 500 metres north of the village and can be easily seen from the NH7 on your left (opposite a petrol pump) when you’re driving from Nirmal. There is no approach road as such to the monument. You will have to park your vehicle on the highway or one of the dirt tracks branching from the road and trudge through fields and thorny scrub to reach the fort.

Wear hiking shoes and thick clothing as all the forts in and around Nirmal have a dense overgrowth of thorny brambles

SHOPPING
Most shops selling Nirmal art and toys are clustered around Shri Krishna Residency on the old NH7. The Nirmal Toys and Arts Industrial Cooperative has a wide range of toys, paintings as well as handicrafts at fixed prices.

Other shops where you can buy these crafts include Nirmal Gift Articles (09959298998), Nirmal Paintings (09959298998) and Nirmal Art Gallery (9505903242, 9966774839).

WHERE TO STAY AND EAT
There are only a few accommodation options in Nirmal, so make sure you book in advance. Mayuri Hotel(Tel: 08734-241919, Cell: 073869- 72444/ 1222/ 1333; Tariff: ₹890– 2,100) on Bus Stand Road is the best the town has to offer. It is well-maintained, has 28 clean and comfortable rooms and offers internet facilities.

Another option is Sri Krishna Residency (Cell: 09705972103; Tariff: ₹500–840), which has AC and non- AC rooms as well as room service. If everything is booked out, you could try Hotel Tirumala (Tel: 242345-47, 243045; Tariff: ₹525–971), which has AC and non-AC rooms and a shady restaurant-cum-bar. Women should avoid this hotel as it caters to an exclusively male clientele.

Geeta Bhawan, near Sri Krishna Residency, serves excellent vegetarian meals. The restaurant at Mayuri Hotel has some scrumptious non-vegetarian options.

AROUND NIRMAL
As compared to other districts in the state, Adilabad is relatively remote and spans a large area. The tourist attractions here are rather spread out and commuting between destinations can be time-consuming. As one of the largest cities in the district, Nirmal is a good place to base oneself to explore the interiors, especially the waterfalls and the Kalwa Narasimha Swamy Temple. Alternatively, one can also stay at the Haritha Hotels in Kaddam and Jannaram, which are closer to the wildlife sanctuaries. Keslapur and Jainath Temple are relatively nearer to Adilabad town.

ATMs outside Nirmal and Adilabad are mostly non-functional, so keep enough cash in hand

Responsible Tourism & Human Accountability for Sustainable Business

edited by Dr Ramesh Kumar Miryala, Dr Jayaprakash Narayana Gade

http://www.deccanchronicle.com/151005/nation-current-affairs/article/adilabad-no-building-can-come-around-fort
https://www.outlookindia.com/traveller/ot-getaway-guides/nirmal_the_city_of_forts/

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Ramagiri Fort and Hills

Ramagiri Fort or Ramagir Fort is located on the RAMAGIRI HILLS, is near the BEGUMPET Village in KAMANPUR MANDAL in Peddapalli district, Telangana State, India. The Fort was built within a thickly forested area.

The hills and surroundings here are astounding to watch and contain many herbs of medicinal importance..

The Fort is nestled on the top of picturesque Ramagiri hillock, surrounded by eye-feasting greenay, and provides a magnificent view of the confluence of the Manair and Godavari Rivers.

The Fort is 20 kms from Peddapalli and 65km away from Karimnagar. This fort is on the way from Karimnagar to Manthani. One needs to follow the Karimnagar-Manthani road till Begumpet X roads and take right diversion to reach the Begumpet village.

The fort is around 2Kms from there and can be reached only on foot. The nearest railway station is 'Peddapalli' which is located on the NewDelhi-Kazipet line. Ramagiri Khilla is around 20Km from there.

Ramagiri Fort, often referred as Ratnagarbha has as ancient fort believed to be used by Satavahanas and Kakatiyas as their Military establishment. This fort is remarked as the unconquerable fort in Telangana region.

The Ramagiri Fort is built in stone with a good number of bastions and is spread across a huge area across the hill. Because of the thick greenery and the beautiful view, which is pleasing to the human mind and the eye this place is also called as Aaram-Giri, Hill of rest or leisure.

In the medieval period, RAMAGIRI KILLA was built by the KAKATIYAS of Warangal during the 12th century. Later, it was controlled by the QUTUB SAHI SULTANATE (1518 — 1687). In 1656, the Ruler of Golconda, Abdulla Qutb Shah, gifted the fort to his son-in-law who was Aurangzeb’s son. The fort came under the control of the British Raj in 1791. It is also said that for Kalidasa, one of the greatest Sanskrit poets, motivation to compose his magnum opus MEGHADUTA a lyrical poem, was Ramagiri Fort.

Built in stone, the fort has many bastions and occupies a large area of a few square kilometres, and the bastions are in octagonal shape. The fort had been fitted with four forge-welded cannons on the masonry battlements which were built to a height of 39ft. as part of the fort walls. It has been noted that the mud plaster which covered some of the structures in which layers was a combination of mud, lime, reeds, hair of animals and even blood of animals.

The fort was under the control of Gundaraja of Manthani and Edaraja of Ramagundam. They were defeated by the Kakati Prola II and the entire area of Polavasa, Manthani and Ramagundam were under the control of Kakatiyas. After the fall of Kakatiyas, Anapothanayaka of Racherla Padmanayaka family occupied Orugallu and appointed Muppabhupala as the ruler of Sabbinadu with his capital at Ramagiri during 14th century A.D. The Bahamani Sultan Ahmed shah I (1422-1436 A.D.) invaded Telangana region in 1433 A.D. and occupied the Ramagiri fort. After Qutb Shahis of Golkonda the fort was under the control of Mughals and finally Asafjahis.

There are many important structures on the hill fort viz. Sitaramalayam, Ramasthapita Lingam, The footprints of Rama and Janiki Mata, Sitaram Kolanu (Well), mosques, tombs and a good number of wells on the hill. Asvasala (Horse stable) Gajasala (Elephant stable), Cherasala (prison), Durbar hall (Royal court), cannons and cannon balls etc are also located on the hillock. The ruins are named Pratapa Rudruni kota, Chitrakota, Tratikota and Nimmakota. Interestingly, there are many wells in the fort, which have been constructed by successive rulers. Some of them have unique names such as Topubavi, Nallakayyabavi, Pasarubavi, Haribavi, Achchammabavi, Ammagaribavi

Ramagiri also has a temple of Sita and Rama with a Linga(incarnation of Lord Shiva) believed to be installed by Lord Rama. You can see the foot prints of Lord Rama & Sita here, supporting the claim that both stayed here for some time during there visit. Other attractions here are Sita’s vermilion box, Ganga Gouri wells, Gouri gundam, Brahma gundam, twin horses of Matsya kachpa, Mallvanam and Brindavanam.

The Ramagiri Forest in the area of the Fort is an important is an important source for medicinal plants. Large numbers of the locals collect the plants and offer them for sale in nearby towns. Students also visit the area to identify these plants and make herbarium specimens. In view of the importance for medicinal plants, it has been suggested that the forest of the fort area be declared a Conservation Centre for Medicinal Plants.

This place is also called AARAM – GIRI (Hill of rest or leisure). There are many important sites on the hill fort right from the mythological places to the recently constructed places by the Kings who ruled the place.

(1) RAMA STHAPITA LINGAM : The Shiva Lingam which was installed by Lord Rama for his prayers.

(2) Foot Prints of Lord Rama & Janaki Mata : On the small hillock, you can see the impressions of the steps, which the local people consider to be those of Lord Rama & Sita.

(3) SITAMMA KOLANU : This is a small pond on the hillock which is considered to be the pond which was built for Sita’s use.

(4) Pits for PASUPU KUMKUMA of Sitamma : These are the small depressions or shallow pits for storing Sitamma’s saffron and turmeric.

(5) SITA RAMALAYAM : A Temple dedicated to Lord Rama & Sita.

The recent historical structures which are still present and whose authenticity can be verified are : Ruined walls, buildings, bastions, mosques, tombs. PRATAPARUDRUNI KOTA, Horse stable and Elephant shed, the prison, a huge dining hall, secret passages, narrow paths, guns, cannons, cannon balls. The ruins of CHITRAKOTA, TRATIKOTA, NIMMAKOTA, ammunition rooms.

There are many wells in this place, which have been built by successive Rulers at different times.

Traces of Early Stone Age at Ramagiri Fort
Traces of the Early Stone Age, including a stone structure resembling a stadium, have been found in the historic Ramagiri Fort in Karimnagar district, noted historian Divyanapalli Satyanarayana has claimed.

The stadium of 40 metres high and 50 metres in diameter had only one entrance. He says rain water used to enter the stadium from only one side which was identified as 'Pandava Lanka'. The stadium was built in such a way that a person entering it could not see those on the top but those sitting on the top portion could view the person.

Satyanarayana claimed that the Fort existed during the reign of the Pandavas, quoting local residents. Drawings, paintings and giant caves in the Fort showed that people had built houses and lived there. People also resided in natural caves which existed around the stadium. These people while relaxing drew images giving shape to their imagination. However, 90 per cent of these drawings were damaged. The remaining 10 per cent threw light on the people's style of living. He said the Pandava Lanka area reflected the red and white drawings drawn by the residents.

A Siva temple and an idol of Lord Hanuman adjacent to the temple have also been shown in the drawings. He claimed that local residents had wiped out the early stone drawings and replaced them with those of the Pandavas, Droupadi, Lord Krishna, Garuthmanthudu, Narada and Lord Ganesh. These residents, according to Satyanarayana, while drawing these portraits threw below a high hillock, which still carried the red colour. The hillock was proof that the caves and drawings belonged to the Early Stone Age. He asserts that well-known archaeologist V V Krishna Sastri had confirmed that the red and white drawings belonged to the Early Stone Age. The historian has appealed to the State Tourism and Archaeology departments to preserve these Early Stone Age items for the benefit of future generations.

Attractions:
• 12th century fort built on the top of picturesque Ramagiri hillock
• Surrounded by lush green forest which has many medicinal herbs
• Built by Kakatiyas and later went under control of Golconda rulers
• Shiva Lingam and Sita Rama temple
• Foot print of lord Rama and Sita
• Sita Rama kolanu (pool)
• pits where Sita stored vermillion and turmeric
• Sita Rama kolanu (pool)
• Waterfalls in rainy season
• Ruined mosques, tombs and wells
• Horse stable and Elephant shed
• Prison and royal court





http://m.dailyhunt.in/news/india/english/thehansindia-epaper-hans/traces+of+early+stone+age+at+ramagiri+fort-newsid-36751512


http://www.greaterkarimnagar.com/en/ramagiri-fort-ramagiri-hills-karimnagar-telephone-email-address-reviews


http://www.ghatroads.in/south-india-travel/historical-tourism-info/ramagiri


https://speakzeasy.wordpress.com/2015/08/28/ramagiri-killa/

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Elagandal Fort

Elgandal Fort is situated amidst palm groves on the banks of the Manair River (a tributary of the Godavari River), approximately 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from Karimnagar on the Kamareddy Road in the Indian state of Telangana.

The Elagandal fort is situated in a hillock presents a picturesque view of Elagandal. “Elagandal khilla” is the name of the fort on the hill. The magnificent facade of the fort attracts tourists.

In olden days it was also called as Bahudanyapuram and it was called veliganadu during Kaktiya times.

The inscription dated 1202 AD found on a stone slab at chintamani tank belongs to Chaunda Preggada of Malyala family subordinate of Kakatiya Ganapatideva.

Elgandal Fort is one such structure that takes us to an Utopian world. The big archways, doors, minarets, water tanks inside the fort depicts the life inside the fort. At a time, Elgandal Fort was a priced possession for any ruler and today it is one of the must-visit heritage sites near Karimnagar.

Elgandal was a major centre that witnessed major political dynasties including the Kakatiyas, the Bahmanis, the Qutub Shahis, the Mughals and the Nizams.

This place is historically important because 5 important dynamic sites ruled over this place. The antiquities of the place worth mentioning are

A fort on a hill.
Brindavan tank on the outside of the eastern gateway of the fort by Zafar-ud-Doula in 1754 A.D. with minarets that oscillate when shaken and tombs of the Muslim saints like syed Shah Munawar Quadri saheb, Doola Shah saheb, syed Maroof Saheb, Shah Talib Bismilla Saheb and Vali Hyder saheb.

On the 11th and 12th days of Moharram, and annual Urs of these saint's is celebrated by the Muslims and Hindus alike with great reverence and people from far off places participate in it.

Besides, there are temples of Nelakantha Swamy and Narasimha Swamy.

It was once under the control of the Qutub Shahi dynasty, the Mughal Empire, and the Nizams of Hyderabad. During the Nizam era it was the headquarters of Karimnagar. It is believed that a secret tunnel connects Elgandal Fort and Manakondur some 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) from Karimnagar on the Karimnagar-Vemulawada highway.

Originally known as Veligundula, Elgandal is a hillfort built during the Kakatiya dynasty (1083–1323) and served as a stronghold for the warrior Musunuri Nayaks and Recharla padmanayaks.

1518 AD - 1687 AD : Qutb Shahi dynasty or Golconda or Golkonda Sultanate

The Qutb Shahi dynasty occupied the fort in the 16th century and posted Quinamul Mulk as commander. 

1518 AD - 1543 AD : Sultan Quli Qutb-ul-Mulk

Quinamul Mulk or Qawam-ul-Mulk

During the absence of Sooltan Koolly Kootb Shah in his late campaign, his northern districts had been attacked and laid waste by Kowam-ool—Moolk Toork, an officer of the Bahmuny Government, who, during the late convulsions, had rendered himself master of the forts of Elgundel, Mulungoor, and some other districts, and collecting a force of six thousand horse and about ten thousand infantry, invaded the countries of his neighbours. On the return of Sooltan Koolly, he received accounts of Kowam-ool-Moolk's incursions. He accordingly addressed letters of advice to him, and demanded restitution of the property he had plundered in the Kootb Shahy territories. The ambassadors who waited on Kowam-ool-Moolk were directed to inform him, that their master was sorry to hear what had happened ; and that it Was his wish to be on terms of friendship with all his Mahomedan neighbours, since it is written in the Koran, that " all the faithful are brethren ". Kowam-ool-Moolk, elated with his success in declaring his independence, and despising the power of Sooltan Koolly, shortly afterwards sent his troops again into his territories to plunder. Sooltan Koolly Kootb Shah could no longer restrain his rage, and immediately ordered his army into the field, and marched towards Elgundel. He was met by Kowamool-Moolk at the distance of one day's march from that place at the head of his army. On the following day an action ensued, which lasted from dawn till noon, when the King charged in person, at the head of two thousand cavalry, and defeated Kowam-ool-Moolk, who fled in confusion, and threw himself into the fort of Elgundel. To this place the King proceeded, and invested it; but Kowam-ool-Moolk, finding himself unable to contend with his enemy, fled to Berar, and solicited assistance from Alla-ood-Deen Imad Shah. Elgundel, shortly after, fell into the hands of the King, and many of the Mahomedan troops of Kowam-ool-Moolk entered his service. Having now occupied the forts of Elgundel and Mulungoor with his own soldiers, the King returned to his capital. Kowam-ool-Moolk, who had fled to Berar, persuaded Alla-ood-Deen Imad Shah to espouse his cause, and to march to recover his country. When Kootb Shah heard of this movement, he sent an ambassador to that monarch, relating the obstinacy of Kowam-ool-Moolk, and reminding him, also, that the Imad Shahy troops had lately usurped the country of the seven tuppas, which the late Mahmood Shah Bahmuny had bestowed upon Sooltan Koolly; he, therefore, demanded the restitution of the seven tuppas, and required, also, that Imad Shah should not give protection to Kowam-ool-Moolk within his territories. Alla-ood-Deen Imad Shah, however, so far from yielding to any of the above demands, sent back an answer full of indignation, which induced Sooltan Koolly to march with his army towards his dominions ; and Imad Shah moved from Elichpoor, and opposed the Kootb Shahy troops near the fortress of Ramgeer. On the day following an action ensued which lasted till the afternoon. The Imad Shahy army outflanked Sooltan Koolly's which was in the act of giving way on all sides, when he, as usual charged through the centre of his own army with the reserve of two thousand cavalry in armour, broke the enemy's line, and completely defeated them. Alla-ood-Deen Imad Shah fled to Berar, and Sooltan Koolly directed his army to occupy the district of the seven tuppas; after which he returned to Golconda. Here he heard that Seetaputty, the Raja of Cumamett, had presumed to Jay hands on some of the Kootb Shahy districts which lay contiguous to his country.

Subsequently, it fell under the administrative control of the Mughal Empire.Amin Khan was appointed as Khiledar of Elagandal during the reign of Nizam of Hyderabad Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah I (r. 1724–1748) followed by Muqarrab Khan.
Mirza ibrahim dhamsa became Khiledar during the reign of Nawab Salabat Jung. Dhamsa rebuilt and strengthened the fort in 1754 during the reign of Sikindar Jha (r.1803-1823). Bahadur Khan and Karimuddin served as Khiledars. Karimnagar was named after Karimuddin. While reorganizing the districts, Mahbub Ali Khan, the Sixth Nizam, shifted the District Headquarters from Elagandal to Karimnagar in 1905.

Elgandal's rulers surrounded the fort with a crocodile filled moat of around 5 metres (16 ft) wide and 4 metres (13 ft) deep to prevent enemy incursions.

The site also houses a mosque and an eidgah, the designated place for special Eid prayers.


Timings

The fort remains open for visit by public on all week days, and the timing to visit the fort is 10:00 AM to 05:00 PM.






Responsible Tourism & Human Accountability for Sustainable Businessedited by Dr Ramesh Kumar Miryala, Dr Jayaprakash Narayana Gade




https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elgandal_Fort


http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/elgandal-fort-set-to-get-a-facelift/article7366075.ece



http://bhuwana.wixsite.com/travel-blog/single-post/2016/03/01/An-impromptu-trekking-trip-to-Beautiful-Elgandal-Fort

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Domakonda Samsthanam and Fort

The Domakonda Fort located in Kamareddy, about 116 km, has been conferred the UNESCO Asia – Pacific Award for Cultural Heritage Conservation – Award of Merit for 2022. Raja Rajeshwara Rao I built the Domakonda fort in 1786 AD at a site where a fort existed earlier. Initially Constructed by Rashtrakuta kings around 10th Century.

Domakonda Samsthan was part of Nizamabad. Initially it called as Bikkavolu Samsthan.

The rulers of the Samsthan were Pakanati Reddis, close relatives of Gadwal and Atmakur rulers. As they belonged to Kaminedu dynastry, they were called as Kamineni. Rachulla was their Gotra. Bikkavolu Siddarameshwara was their presiding deity.
 

The fort was constructed on a circular plan and has two ways to enter one on the east and other on the west and there are four bastions in four directions. Two places and one temple complex are situated in the fort. Domakonda fort is an instance of architecture for defence against external invaders. 

Located 4kms from NH 44 and 10 kms from Kamareddy.

The fort was controlled by Chalukyas of Kalyani and the Kakatiyas.

Lakshmipathi works: Sri Krishna Vilasam, Acharya Vijayam, Sri Madhupakyonam, Neela Vivaham.

Adipudi Prabhakara kavi: He worte Umapaabhyudayam on the directions of Domakonda ruler. It had 286 writing and verse. Kamineni tradition history was composed in.

Seshadri Ramana Kavulu and Domakonda court poet Pedda Mandadi Venkata Krishna Kavi composed Reddy Kula Nirnaya Chandrika.

753 AD - 973 AD : Rashtrakuta Dynasty
Initially Constructed by Rashtrakuta kings around 10th Century.

973 AD - 1158 AD : Western Chalukyas
Sri Mahadeva temple present inside the fort was constructed by Western Chalukyas as Vaishnav temple. It was later transformed to Shiva temple by Kakatiya rulers.

c.895 AD - 1323 AD : Kakatiya Dynasty

1636 AD : Raja Kama Reddy or Kamineni Chaudary
In AD 1636, Kama Reddy got Domakonda Samsthan as Sanad from Golconda Rulers.

Pattametta Somanatha Somayaji was court poet of Kamareddy. His compositions were Sootasamhita, Brahmottara Khandam, Vishista Andhrokti.

Kamineni Malla Reddy

Malla Reddy was a great devotee. Many villages were build on his name- Yella Reddy, Macha Reddy, Kamareddy, Jangampalli
Padma Puranam and Shiva Dharmotharam

Yella Reddy

China Kamireddy, Son of Yella Reddy 

had a title Deshmukh.

Potha Reddy

had the title Desai.

1748 AD - 1757 AD : Rajanna Choudary

Rajanna Chowdhary has shifted the capital from Bikkavolu to Kamareddypeta.

1786 - 1947 AD : the Kamineni rulers ruled from this fort.

Domakonda was a samsthan under the Qutub shahis and Asif Jahis.

1786 AD : Raja Rajeshwara Rao I
Built Domakonda fort in the 18th century at a sight where a fort existed earlier. Shifted capital from Kamareddy to Domakonda in 1786 AD. From then it came to be known as Domakonda Samsthan.

Employed Arab and African Guards for Security.

Raja Ramachandra Rao (Brother)

Raja Rajeshwara Rao III

Raja Umapati 

1927 AD : Raja Ramachandra Rao, son of Raja Umapati 

was the leader of Domakonda amid 1927 married the daughter of Gadwal Ruler

Raja Someshwar Rao
Raja Someswar Rao of Domakonda proposed the toast of H. M. the King Emperor and the Nizam

The last leader of the Samsthan was Raja Someshwara Rao.

Anna Reddy

Omapathi or Umapathi Rao IAS (15th June 1928 to 27th May 2020)

K. Umapathy Rao of The Erstwhile Samasthan of Domakonda

An Urdu Poet know for his Shayari & the first Executive Officer of Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanam
Former IAS officer Kamineni Umapathi Rao's funeral was conducted on Sunday in Laxmi Bhag in Domakonda fort.

It may be noted here that there is a property dispute between Anil's father Umapathy Rao, retired IAS officer, K Rajeshwara Rao and K Satyarayanarao moving to court.

The entrance to the fort has an arched gateway reflect­ing Asaf Jahis influence. The fort has bastions both square as well as circular, built at irregular intervals. Inside the fort are two palaces and a temple complex. The temple dedicated to Shiva was built on stellate plan, imitating the Kakatiya style of architecture. This fort is an example of the defence architecture of the princely states of Telangana.

It has an elevated compound of granite rocks that forms the fort wall, followed by a wooden door on an entrance door to the beautiful two-storied fort structure, which consists of great stuccowork and is considered eye catchy even to this day.This fort is also called "Gadi Domakonda" or "Killa Domakonda" as it houses a palatial mahal inside and popularly called "Addhala Meda" (Glass house)


The Kaminenis built majestic palaces and temples for Lord Mahadeva. The castle with the fortification wall has withstood ravages – manmade as well as natural, and is considered symbolic of erstwhile rulers of the region. Locals throng here to observe on festive occasions with gaiety.

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Wanaparthy Palace

Wanaparthy Palace is also known as "Mustafa Mahal" as a name for the advice of a Muslim saint. This palace covers an area of 640 square miles.

This palace will now house the Collector's office and Collector Camp Office.

The surname of the Samsthana rulers is Janumpally.

Wanaparthy Samasthan traced its origin back to 14 century, when as the Warangal Kakatiya Dynasty crumbled, local chieftains established their ascendancy over surrounding territory and divided it among themselves.


After Vijayanagar Kingdom was succeeded by Bijapur, Qutub Shah and Mogul successive rulers had found it expedient to maintain 8 samsthanams as buffer states along Krishna river. Wanaparthy was bounded on 3 sides by other sammsthanams.


In the time Aurangzeb, Wanaparthy became a feudatory of Moghul empire and of the Nizam as viceroy of that empire in the south.


The Rajas of the Samasthans were closely associated with the QtubShahi kings.


The early Rajas of Wanaparthy kept on army of 2000 infantry and 2000 cavalry. On 17th March 1843, the title of "balwant" was conferred on Raja Rameshwar Rao as a mark of honour by Sikander Jah.


For administrative purposes the Samasthan was divided into two taluqas namely "sugar" and keshampet" under to Tahsildars. The "Maharaja" died on 22nd November 1922. He was survived by two represented in the indian government after independence.

Days Of The Beloved

By Harriet Ronken Lynton

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Jagtial Fort

A must visit for heritage lovers

It closely resembles a European castle since it was constructed in collaboration with French engineers during the reign of Nawab Ibrahim Khan in 17 century, a Governor of the Mughals.

The two French engineers, Jack and Tal began construction of what would become the only star shaped fort in Telangana and the only structure to be totally modeled on European design.

The name of the fort and the town over years slowly came to be known as Jacktal and then Jagital or Jagityala as is written in Telugu.
The fort was built with stones and lime and it had a moa al round that was filled with water. The entrance gate which has made with wood was disappeared. 

At the entrance of the fort is a big mosque dating back to the time of the Nizam Shahi dynasty of Golconda. It was built during the early years of the 19th century. It is called the Jamia Masjid.

There are several cannons in the fort and in one of them is inscribed in Urdu the name of Mohammad Khasim. The Burz on the fort had many cannons placed on it and Khasim is credited with building several of them.

It is the only star-shaped fort in Telangana that is fitted with canons.

A visit to the Jagityala Fort should also include a peep into the historical treasure vaults ensconced within the walls of these great structures.

The Mughal dynasty used it as a Defence Fort in the 17 century. 

It is surrounded by four water bodies – Mote pond, Dharma Samandar, Mupparaap and Kandla Palli.  

According to Archaeological Department officials, it was built during the reign of Nawab Ibrahim, a Governor in the Mughal dynasty. The fort has two wooden gates, which were lifted by using pulleys. This is the only star-shaped fort in the State with a moat (water body).

History says that there used to be a row of rooms for the storage of ammunition at this fort. Though a majority of structures of the fort have been destroyed over the years, the well is safe and provides water to locals in the region. The fort stands as a testimony to the bravery of soldiers who fought here. 

This ancient and historic monumental structure, a special attraction of Jagtial, is now in a state of neglect and the precious lands are on the verge of the encroachment. Though the Archaeology Department took measures to reconstruct the walls, their efforts proved to be inadequate.

Assistant Director (Archaeology) N. Mallikarjun Rao said that the then Nizam government had declared Jagtial Fort as a protected monument. He said that they had decided to construct a cannon gallery with the existing 43 cannons. We are planning to construct a pedestal for the cannons and educate people about the importance of the fort, he added.

HOW TO REACH JAGTIAL:

Distance from Hyderabad - 190 km

From Karimnagar - 50 km

Built during the reign of Nawab Ibrahim, a Governor in the Mughal dynasty

It is now in a state of neglect and precious lands are on the verge of encroachment

The then Nizam government had declared Jagtial Fort as a protected monument


Timings : 10 AM - 5 PM daily


http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/jagtial-fort-a-must-visit-for-heritage-lovers/article7014727.ece

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Golkonda Fort

Golkonda Fort is located at Ibrahim Bagh, Hyderabad is also known as Golconda or Golla konda ("shepherd's hill")was the capital of the medieval sultanate of the Qutb Shahi dynasty (c.1518–1687), is situated 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) west of Hyderabad.

The region is known for the mines that have produced some of the world's most famous gems, including the Koh-i-Noor, the Hope Diamond and the Nassak Diamond.

Golkonda Fort was first built by the Kakatiya dynasty as part of

their western defenses along the lines of the Kondapalli Fort. The city and the fortress were built on a granite hill that is 120 meters (480 ft) high, surrounded by massive battlements. The fort was rebuilt and strengthened by Rani Rudrama Devi and her successor Prataparudra. Later, the fort came under the control of the Musunuri Nayaks, who defeated the Tughlaqi army occupying Warangal. It was ceded by the Musunuri Kapaya Nayak to the Bahmani Sultanate as part of a treaty in 1364.

Under the Bahmani Sultanate, Golkonda slowly rose to prominence. Sultan Quli Qutb-ul-Mulk (r. 1487–1543), sent as a governor of Telangana, established it as the seat of his government around 1501. The Bahmani rule gradually weakened during this period, and Sultan Quli formally became independent in 1538, establishing the Qutb Shahi dynasty based in Golkonda. Over a period of 62 years, the mud fort was expanded by the first three Qutb Shahi sultans into a massive fortification of granite, extending around 5 km in circumference. It remained the capital of the Qutb Shahi dynasty until 1590 when the capital was shifted to Hyderabad. The Qutb Shahis expanded the fort, whose 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) outer wall enclosed the city.

The fort finally fell into ruin in 1687, after a siege leading to its fall at the hands of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb.
Sound & Light Show at Golconda Fort Hyderabad

Covers : 1st Show English (All Days) 2nd Show in Telugu on Monday, Wednesday & Friday, and Hindi on Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday & Sunday. Show Timings: (Nov to Feb) 1st Show 6:30pm 2nd Show 7.45pm (Mar to Oct) 1st Show 7:00pm 2nd Show 8.15pm.

For Enquiries Contact : 040-23512401

For Bulk Bookings Contact : 9848185772

Timings : Ticket counter is open from 5:30 PM

Golconda Fort Timings: 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golkonda

http://historicaltimeofindia.blogspot.com/2014/07/golconda-fort-in-hyderabad.html

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