Founder : Venna
Capitals : Anmakonda (Hanumakonda), Orugallu / Ekasilanagara (Warangal)
Languages : Telugu was the preferred language, Sanskrit, Kannada
Religion : Jainism, Hinduism (Saivism)
Royal Emblem : Garuda, Varaha
1149 AD: Tailapa-III or Kumara Tailapa was defeated by Kakatiya Prola II around 1149 AD and asserts his independence over Western Chalukyas.
1163 AD Anumakonda inscription of Rudradeva alias Prataparudra I is the earliest known record that describes the Kakatiyas as a sovereign power.
Kakatiyas are descendants of Karikala Chola King of Durjaya clan, who initially started as vassals of the Chalukyas in India, and later emerged as a ruling dynasty, with their capital at Kakatipura (probably named after the village diety, Kakatamma) or present day Warangal, in the state of Telangana, India.
Kakatiyas were the devotees of Goddess Kakati. They were said to originate from Chaturthakula and they allied themselves by matrimony to chiefs of the Shudra caste, although in many documents related to gifts given in the Brahmins, their ancestry has been traced to the Solar dynasty of the Ikshvaku kshatriyas.
The Kakatiya period was rightly called the brightest period of the Telugu history. The entire Telugu speaking area was under the kings who spoke Telugu and encouraged Telugu. They established order throughout the strife torn land and the forts built by them played a dominant role in the defence of the realm. Hanumakonda and Gandikota among the 'giridurgas', Kandur and Narayanavanam among the 'vanadurgas', Divi and Kolanu among the 'jaladurgas', and Warangal and Dharanikota among the 'sthaladurgas' were reckoned as the most famous strongholds in the Kakatiya period. The administration of the kingdom was organized with accent on the military.
Though Saivism continued to be the religion of the masses, intellectuals favoured revival of Vedic rituals. They sought to reconcile the Vaishnavites and the Saivites through the worship of Harihara. Arts and literature found patrons in the Kakatiyas and their feudatories. Tikkana Somayaji, who adorned the court of the Telugu Chola ruler Manumasiddhi II, wrote the last 15 cantos of the Mahabharata which was lying unfinished. Sanskrit, which could not find a place in the Muslim-occupied north, received encouragement at the hands of the Kakatiyas. Prataparudra was himself a writer and he encouraged other literature.
Venna
Founder of the Kakatiya line. Mentioned in Bayyaram inscription.
Gunda I
Gunda II
950 A.D - 995 A.D : Gunda IV / Pindi Gunda Son. Rashtrakuta vassal.
973 A.D : Following the collapse of Rashtrakuta power in 973, Gunda IV became an independent chief. He took the opportunity to expand his fledgling dominions by attacking his neighbors to the southeast, the Mudigonda Chalukyas of the modern-day Khammam district. However, Gunda was eventually killed by one Viriyala Erra, who installed the Mudigonda Chalukya chief Bottu Beta as ruler of Koravi. It is likely that the general Viriyala Erra and the Mudigonda Chalukyas had the support of Tailapa II, the new Western Chalukya monarch who had replaced Rashtrakuta authority in the region.
995 AD : The earliest known record of Tailapa II in the region is the Jammikunta epigraph, dated to 995. By this time, we can assume that the Western Chalukyas had established themselves as the new dominant power in Telangana.
Neighbours
Viriyala Dynasty
Mudigonda Chalukyas (850 AD - 1218 AD)
Vemulawada Chalukyas (641 AD - 973 AD)
996 AD - 1052 AD: Beta I / Garuda Beta
General : Recherla Brahma
According to the Guider epigraph, Beta was too young to rule when his father was killed. The Kakatiya family was in dire straits at this time, being deprived of their lands as well as an adult male head. They were saved from extinction by the grace of Kamavasani, the wife of Viriyala Erra. Kamavasani was most likely related to the Kakatiyas in some way, and she might also be identical with the figure of Kuntaladevi mentioned in the Siddheshvaracharitra, who is also credited with saving the Kakatiya family. Under Kamavasani’s guidance and protection, Beta eventually rose to become the ruler of Anumakonda under Western Chalukya suzerainty.
Beta was thus the first of his family to rule in this region, which would become the core territory of the Kakatiyas, and remain under their rule until the final demise of the dynasty.Garuda is a great warrior who probably joins the Western Chalukya armies of Someswara I in the Chola invasion of 1052. Along with his general, Recharla Bramha, he destroys the Chola armies (of King Rajadhiraja I) and enters the city of Kanchi. He later kills the warriors Anuma and Konda who ruled over their capital Anumakunda or Hanumakonda.
1052 AD - 1076 AD : Prola I (Arigajakesari)
General : Recherla Muccha
Prola subdues enemy chiefs (from Chakrakuta Bhadranga Purukuta in Bastar to Konkana Mandala) for his overlord Someswara I and his son Vikramaditya VI. For his services he receives Anumakonda (Hanumanakonda). Kesamudram Lake or Kesari Tatakam in Warangal is constructed during the reign of Prola I.
1076 AD - 1108 AD: Beta II (Tribhuvana Malla)
Generals : Recherla Kata I, Malyala Danna Supported Chalukya Vikramaditya VI in his conflict against his brother, Somesvara II. When Vikramaditya won the Chalukya civil war and became king in 1076, he thus conferred on Beta the title of Vikrama-chakrin. Beta was also able to obtain Sabbinadu (Sabbi-1000) in the modern-day Karimnagar district from the Chalukya king. Besides this, not much else is known about this Kakatiya ruler.
1108 AD - 1116 AD : Durgaraja
Generals : Recherla Kata I, Malyala Danna Durgaraja began actively participating in the Kakatiya administration even before his father's death. We know this because the only inscription of Durgaraja is dated to 1098, while the last record of Beta II is dated to 1108. However, less than a decade after Beta II's death, another of his sons, Prola II, was in power. The Kotapalli epigraph states that Prola II offered asylum to his brother's son (i.e. the son of Durgaraja), which suggests that the reign of Durgaraja came to a sudden and violent end. It is quite likely that there was a power struggle between the two brothers Prola II and Durgaraja, and that Prola II himself put an end to Durgaraja's reign. However, respecting the fact that Durgaraja was still his brother, he offered protection for his son (Prola's nephew). Prola was firmly in power by 1116 as the head of the Kakatiyas.
1116 AD - 1158 AD : Prolla II Brother of Durgaraja. Son of Beta II
General : Recherla Kama Chamupati, Malyala Danna So long Vikramadiya VI (1076 - 1126) lived, Prola II owed allegiance to the Chalukyas.
1136 AD : Chalukyas lost dominance in Telangana region. As per Inscriptions in Hanumakonda Library. Established son of Gokarna on Throne. Prolla II is responsible for subduing the Telugu Cholas of Kandur who defeated King Govinda and gave his kingdom to Udayaditya.The Chodas of Kanduru were located south of the Kakatiya dominions. They ruled over the region of Kandurunadu, which comprises parts of modern-day Nalgonda and Mahbubnagar districts. They had two capitals, one at Koduru in the west, and another at Panugallu in the east.
He joined Jagadekamalla in his march against Gundaraja and Edaraja of Manthena Vishaya who were disregarding the kings sovereignty.
Paola II beheaded Gunda (the ruler of Mantrakuta - after having been made to suffer the ignominy of having his head shaved and his breast marked with a boar.) and put to fight Edaraja seizing Manthena on the Godavari.
1137 AD : Defeated Kumara Tailapa.
1320 : Prataprudra reasserts his independence as the Khilji dynasty ends and the Tughlaqs come to power in Delhi.
1323 : Ulugh Khan sacked Warangal, thus ending the Kakatiya dynasty. The fourth and fifth Muslim invasion took place against Kakatiyas in 1323, Sultan Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq sends his son, "Ulug Khan" alias "Junakhan" alias "Mohammad Bin Tuglak" to defeat the defiant Kakatiya king. The attack is repulsed. Tughlaqs return a month later with a larger and more determined army. The unprepared and battle-weary Kakatiya army at Warangal is finally defeated, and Prataparudra is taken prisoner.
It is said that he commits suicide by drowning himself in the River Narmada, while on his way to Delhi.
With Prataprudra’s demise, Kakatiya rule comes to an end. Later, the Musunuri Nayaks who had served as army chiefs for the Kakatiya kingdom, unite the Telugu people and recover Warangal from Delhi. They rule the region for half a century.
Prataprudra’s brother, Annamdev, sets up his own kingdom at Bastar, Chattisgad.
References:
http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsFarEast/IndiaKakatiyas.htm
Historical sketches of ancient Dekhan, by K. V. Subrahmanya Aiyer.
A history of the Deccan. By J. D. B. Gribble
http://historum.com/blogs/civfanatic/5408-kakatiyas-telangana-part-i-early-chiefs-956-1116.html
Social and Cultural Life in Medieval Andhra
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S3XpacKY9uI
https://archive.org/stream/IHistorumQJHVol.3No.1/[I]%20HistorumQJH%20vol.%203-no.1_djvu.txt
Kakatiyas are descendants of Karikala Chola King of Durjaya clan, who initially started as vassals of the Chalukyas in India, and later emerged as a ruling dynasty, with their capital at Kakatipura (probably named after the village diety, Kakatamma) or present day Warangal, in the state of Telangana, India.
Kakatiyas were the devotees of Goddess Kakati. They were said to originate from Chaturthakula and they allied themselves by matrimony to chiefs of the Shudra caste, although in many documents related to gifts given in the Brahmins, their ancestry has been traced to the Solar dynasty of the Ikshvaku kshatriyas.
The Kakatiya period was rightly called the brightest period of the Telugu history. The entire Telugu speaking area was under the kings who spoke Telugu and encouraged Telugu. They established order throughout the strife torn land and the forts built by them played a dominant role in the defence of the realm. Hanumakonda and Gandikota among the 'giridurgas', Kandur and Narayanavanam among the 'vanadurgas', Divi and Kolanu among the 'jaladurgas', and Warangal and Dharanikota among the 'sthaladurgas' were reckoned as the most famous strongholds in the Kakatiya period. The administration of the kingdom was organized with accent on the military.
Though Saivism continued to be the religion of the masses, intellectuals favoured revival of Vedic rituals. They sought to reconcile the Vaishnavites and the Saivites through the worship of Harihara. Arts and literature found patrons in the Kakatiyas and their feudatories. Tikkana Somayaji, who adorned the court of the Telugu Chola ruler Manumasiddhi II, wrote the last 15 cantos of the Mahabharata which was lying unfinished. Sanskrit, which could not find a place in the Muslim-occupied north, received encouragement at the hands of the Kakatiyas. Prataparudra was himself a writer and he encouraged other literature.
The Kakatiya dynasty expressed itself best through religious art. Kakatiya art preserved the balance between architecture and sculpture, that is, while valuing sculpture, it laid emphasis on architecture where due. The Kakatiya temples, dedicated mostly to Siva, reveal in their construction a happy blending of the styles of North India and South India which influenced the political life of the Deccan. Building temple and lake (an irrigation tank ) side by side was the tradition of the Kakatiya.
Motupalli port was famous for foreign trade during the period of Kakatiyas.
Ministers during the period of Kakatiyas were called as Tirthas.
Vidyanatha wrote Prataparudra Yashobhusanam.
Bayyaram Cheruvu inscription was issued by Mailamba.
Magallu inscription was issued by Danarnava.
Achitendra was the author of Hanumakonda inscription.
Rudradeva issued Hanumakonda inscription about the victories of Prolaraja II in 1163.
The gold coin during the period of Kakatiyas was called as Gadvanam.
The remains of immense irrigation tanks and channels show that the rulers of the country devoted great attention to the improvement of agriculture.
There was enormous accumulations of wealth, consisting of gold, precious stones (including Kohinoor diamond), and elephants. The people appear to have been brave, happy, and prosperous, and from west to east there were scattered about numerous holy shrines which brought together thousands of pilgrims. It was this wealth that attracted the cupidity of the Mahomedans.
Ministers during the period of Kakatiyas were called as Tirthas.
Vidyanatha wrote Prataparudra Yashobhusanam.
Bayyaram Cheruvu inscription was issued by Mailamba.
Magallu inscription was issued by Danarnava.
Achitendra was the author of Hanumakonda inscription.
Rudradeva issued Hanumakonda inscription about the victories of Prolaraja II in 1163.
The gold coin during the period of Kakatiyas was called as Gadvanam.
The remains of immense irrigation tanks and channels show that the rulers of the country devoted great attention to the improvement of agriculture.
There was enormous accumulations of wealth, consisting of gold, precious stones (including Kohinoor diamond), and elephants. The people appear to have been brave, happy, and prosperous, and from west to east there were scattered about numerous holy shrines which brought together thousands of pilgrims. It was this wealth that attracted the cupidity of the Mahomedans.
Venna
Founder of the Kakatiya line. Mentioned in Bayyaram inscription.
Gunda I
Gunda II
The first three chiefs are known only due to references by later Kakatiyas. None of the events that took place under their reigns are known, as no contemporary records for these chiefs exist.
c.870 A.D - 895 A.D: Gunda III Son. Rashtrakuta vassal.
c.870 A.D - 895 A.D: Gunda III Son. Rashtrakuta vassal.
895 A.D : As per the MASULIPATNAM PLATES of CHALUKYA BHIMA 1(892 - 922 A. D), IRIMARTIGANDA, the eldest son of Chalukya Bhima 1 killed a Rashtrakuta general named Dandena Gunda during one of the invasion. Gunda III dies fighting for his overlord, the Rashtrakuta king Krishna II (878-914).
895 A.D - 940 A.D : Erra / Erriya Son. Rashtrakuta vassal. Ruled from Kakatipura. Erra is given the land of Kurravadi in Warangal, in repayment for the services of his father.
940 A.D - 950 A.D : Betiya Son. Rashtrakuta vassal. Mentioned in the Mangallu grant.
895 A.D - 940 A.D : Erra / Erriya Son. Rashtrakuta vassal. Ruled from Kakatipura. Erra is given the land of Kurravadi in Warangal, in repayment for the services of his father.
940 A.D - 950 A.D : Betiya Son. Rashtrakuta vassal. Mentioned in the Mangallu grant.
950 A.D - 995 A.D : Gunda IV / Pindi Gunda Son. Rashtrakuta vassal.
970 A.D : Gunda IV supplies help to Danarnava on behalf of his master, Krishna III, to help him set aside his brother, the Eastern Chalukyan king, Amma II, and occupy the throne of Vengi. As a result, Gunda is gifted with Natavadi / Manigallu as a token of gratitude. The Mangallu (of the Eastern Chalukyan king Danarnava (970 – 973 AD)) grant furnishes the genealogy of Kakatiya Guṇḍyana. According to this inscription, Betiya, Eriya, Rastrakuta and Gundiya Rastrakuta were the father, grandfather and great grandfather of Kakatiya Guṇḍyana respectively.
973 A.D : Following the collapse of Rashtrakuta power in 973, Gunda IV became an independent chief. He took the opportunity to expand his fledgling dominions by attacking his neighbors to the southeast, the Mudigonda Chalukyas of the modern-day Khammam district. However, Gunda was eventually killed by one Viriyala Erra, who installed the Mudigonda Chalukya chief Bottu Beta as ruler of Koravi. It is likely that the general Viriyala Erra and the Mudigonda Chalukyas had the support of Tailapa II, the new Western Chalukya monarch who had replaced Rashtrakuta authority in the region.
995 AD : The earliest known record of Tailapa II in the region is the Jammikunta epigraph, dated to 995. By this time, we can assume that the Western Chalukyas had established themselves as the new dominant power in Telangana.
Neighbours
Viriyala Dynasty
Mudigonda Chalukyas (850 AD - 1218 AD)
Vemulawada Chalukyas (641 AD - 973 AD)
996 AD - 1052 AD: Beta I / Garuda Beta
General : Recherla Brahma
According to the Guider epigraph, Beta was too young to rule when his father was killed. The Kakatiya family was in dire straits at this time, being deprived of their lands as well as an adult male head. They were saved from extinction by the grace of Kamavasani, the wife of Viriyala Erra. Kamavasani was most likely related to the Kakatiyas in some way, and she might also be identical with the figure of Kuntaladevi mentioned in the Siddheshvaracharitra, who is also credited with saving the Kakatiya family. Under Kamavasani’s guidance and protection, Beta eventually rose to become the ruler of Anumakonda under Western Chalukya suzerainty.
Beta was thus the first of his family to rule in this region, which would become the core territory of the Kakatiyas, and remain under their rule until the final demise of the dynasty.Garuda is a great warrior who probably joins the Western Chalukya armies of Someswara I in the Chola invasion of 1052. Along with his general, Recharla Bramha, he destroys the Chola armies (of King Rajadhiraja I) and enters the city of Kanchi. He later kills the warriors Anuma and Konda who ruled over their capital Anumakunda or Hanumakonda.
1052 AD - 1076 AD : Prola I (Arigajakesari)
General : Recherla Muccha
Prola subdues enemy chiefs (from Chakrakuta Bhadranga Purukuta in Bastar to Konkana Mandala) for his overlord Someswara I and his son Vikramaditya VI. For his services he receives Anumakonda (Hanumanakonda). Kesamudram Lake or Kesari Tatakam in Warangal is constructed during the reign of Prola I.
1076 AD - 1108 AD: Beta II (Tribhuvana Malla)
Generals : Recherla Kata I, Malyala Danna Supported Chalukya Vikramaditya VI in his conflict against his brother, Somesvara II. When Vikramaditya won the Chalukya civil war and became king in 1076, he thus conferred on Beta the title of Vikrama-chakrin. Beta was also able to obtain Sabbinadu (Sabbi-1000) in the modern-day Karimnagar district from the Chalukya king. Besides this, not much else is known about this Kakatiya ruler.
1108 AD - 1116 AD : Durgaraja
Generals : Recherla Kata I, Malyala Danna Durgaraja began actively participating in the Kakatiya administration even before his father's death. We know this because the only inscription of Durgaraja is dated to 1098, while the last record of Beta II is dated to 1108. However, less than a decade after Beta II's death, another of his sons, Prola II, was in power. The Kotapalli epigraph states that Prola II offered asylum to his brother's son (i.e. the son of Durgaraja), which suggests that the reign of Durgaraja came to a sudden and violent end. It is quite likely that there was a power struggle between the two brothers Prola II and Durgaraja, and that Prola II himself put an end to Durgaraja's reign. However, respecting the fact that Durgaraja was still his brother, he offered protection for his son (Prola's nephew). Prola was firmly in power by 1116 as the head of the Kakatiyas.
1116 AD - 1158 AD : Prolla II Brother of Durgaraja. Son of Beta II
General : Recherla Kama Chamupati, Malyala Danna So long Vikramadiya VI (1076 - 1126) lived, Prola II owed allegiance to the Chalukyas.
1136 AD : Chalukyas lost dominance in Telangana region. As per Inscriptions in Hanumakonda Library. Established son of Gokarna on Throne. Prolla II is responsible for subduing the Telugu Cholas of Kandur who defeated King Govinda and gave his kingdom to Udayaditya.The Chodas of Kanduru were located south of the Kakatiya dominions. They ruled over the region of Kandurunadu, which comprises parts of modern-day Nalgonda and Mahbubnagar districts. They had two capitals, one at Koduru in the west, and another at Panugallu in the east.
Defeated Medaraja and conquered Pulavasa desa modern Mahaboobnagar district.
The land which Prola acquired he conferred on one Gangaraja. This Ganjaraja built a temple for god Prasanna Kesava in Hanumakonda
He joined Jagadekamalla in his march against Gundaraja and Edaraja of Manthena Vishaya who were disregarding the kings sovereignty.
Paola II beheaded Gunda (the ruler of Mantrakuta - after having been made to suffer the ignominy of having his head shaved and his breast marked with a boar.) and put to fight Edaraja seizing Manthena on the Godavari.
1137 AD : Defeated Kumara Tailapa.
1149 AD: Tailapa-III or Kumara Tailapa was defeated by Kakatiya Prola II around 1149 AD and asserts his independence over Western Chalukyas.
Defeated Jagaddeva youngest son of Udayaditya of Paramara Dynasty controlling Kolipaka (Adilabad), who with Polavasa Chiefs attacked Hanumakonda. Defeated Chalukya General Govindaraja and drove him away from panaugallu rajya and restored rajya to Udaya Choda son of Gokarna Choda, chief of Kunduru. Padmakshi temple, Siddeswara temple, Kesava temple, Swayambhudevalayam were built by Prolaraja II.
The conquests of Prola were confined to the Telugu districts. He appears to have improved the irrigation of the country by building tanks.
Sanigaram Inscription : 1071, Sukla corresponding to A.D. 1149. A subordinate officer of Prola II named Repola Kujuvarasa is mentioned and his dundandyaka Mapdaparasu of Atreya gotra and Kamma-tefo is stated to have made some gifts of land and ratana to the god Parthsvara.
1158 AD : Prola II was killed in the battle attacking Velanati Chodas and presumed killed by Choda II in his fathers reign supported by Kota Choda.
1158 AD - 1195 AD : Rudradeva / Prataparudra I Son.
General : Recheral Kata II, Recherla Rudra
An ambitious king, Rudradeva extends the boundaries of his kingdom: in the north (taking in modern day Karimnagar, and East Godavari); in the south (where he turns his attention to the Kondur Telugu Chola kings Bhima and Chodur in Nalagonda and Mahboobnagar, sacking their cities, Vardhamana and Kandur); and in the east (the Chalukya Chola regions of king Rajaraja III).
Palanadu war took place during the period of Prataparudra I.
The Palanadu chiefs fight amongst themselves, so Rudradeva renders military assistance to Nalagama’s faction. The military strength of Velanadu has been weakened, so Rudradeva exploits the situation by leading his forces into coastal Andhra and conquering territory as far as Srisailam and Tripurantakam in the south (subduing the chiefs of Kota and Kondapadumatis). Rudradeva extends his kingdom to the coastal regions of the Cholas after the death of Kulotunga.
Prataparudra divided his empire into 77 Nayankaras.
Started building Orugallu (Warangal).
1163 AD Anumakonda inscription of Rudradeva alias Prataparudra I is the earliest known record that describes the Kakatiyas as a sovereign power. Rudra Deva built Sri Rudreshwara Swamy Temple decorated with 1,000 pillars and is popularly known as Thousand Pillars Temple.
The rivalry between the Kakatiyas and Yadavas was started from the period of Prataparudra I.
1195 : Rudradeva dies fighting the Seuna Yadava king Jaitrapala I.
1195 AD - 1199 AD : Mahadeva Brother.
General : Recherla Rudra 1197 : Yadavas of Devagiri captures prince Ganaptideva with the help of kakaitiya feudatories (Harihara, Ganapati, gunda) when the king was not in the fort.
1199 : Mahadeva dies fighting Yadavas of Devagiri to release his Son Ganapatideva.
1199 AD - 1261 AD: Ganpatideva
General : Recherla Rudra
Rebellions arise in the kingdom but these are crushed by the Kakatiya general, Recherla Rudra and ruled the Kingdom in the absence of Ganapatideva.
1208 AD : Devagiri-Yadava king Singhana states that Ganapati was liberated,' apparently from some confinement, by Singhana's father, Jaitrapala I, and his kingdom handed over to him.
Recharla Rudra has the title of 'Kakatiyarajya stapanacharya'.
Ganapatideva was greatest among all Kakatiya rulers and ruled for a long period.
Raja Ganapatideva was the most powerful and eminent ruler of the dynasty who expanded the kingdom from the coastal Bay of Bengal in the east to the holy city of Kancheepuram in the south. Well versed in art and culture and literary pursuits, Kakatiya kings were great builders too. The Chalukyan style of temple architecture and decorative skill in sculpting greatly flourished and improved during their reign. These mighty kings were benevolent, egalitarian and able administrators - having democratic outlook in their governance.
Ganapatideva completed building Orugallu (Warangal) and shifted the capital from Hanumakonda to Warangal.
Started Inner or stone wall of Warangal.
March 31, 1213 AD : Contruction of Ramappa Temple Completed by Recharla Rudra during Ganapatideva reign.
Ramappa Cheruvu, Pakala Cheruvu, Lakkavaram Cheruvu were dug during Ganapatideva reign
Having no sons, Ganpatideva hands over the reigns of his kingdom to his daughter, Rudramadevi.
1158 AD : Prola II was killed in the battle attacking Velanati Chodas and presumed killed by Choda II in his fathers reign supported by Kota Choda.
1158 AD - 1195 AD : Rudradeva / Prataparudra I Son.
General : Recheral Kata II, Recherla Rudra
An ambitious king, Rudradeva extends the boundaries of his kingdom: in the north (taking in modern day Karimnagar, and East Godavari); in the south (where he turns his attention to the Kondur Telugu Chola kings Bhima and Chodur in Nalagonda and Mahboobnagar, sacking their cities, Vardhamana and Kandur); and in the east (the Chalukya Chola regions of king Rajaraja III).
Palanadu war took place during the period of Prataparudra I.
The Palanadu chiefs fight amongst themselves, so Rudradeva renders military assistance to Nalagama’s faction. The military strength of Velanadu has been weakened, so Rudradeva exploits the situation by leading his forces into coastal Andhra and conquering territory as far as Srisailam and Tripurantakam in the south (subduing the chiefs of Kota and Kondapadumatis). Rudradeva extends his kingdom to the coastal regions of the Cholas after the death of Kulotunga.
Prataparudra divided his empire into 77 Nayankaras.
Started building Orugallu (Warangal).
1163 AD Anumakonda inscription of Rudradeva alias Prataparudra I is the earliest known record that describes the Kakatiyas as a sovereign power. Rudra Deva built Sri Rudreshwara Swamy Temple decorated with 1,000 pillars and is popularly known as Thousand Pillars Temple.
The rivalry between the Kakatiyas and Yadavas was started from the period of Prataparudra I.
1195 : Rudradeva dies fighting the Seuna Yadava king Jaitrapala I.
1195 AD - 1199 AD : Mahadeva Brother.
General : Recherla Rudra 1197 : Yadavas of Devagiri captures prince Ganaptideva with the help of kakaitiya feudatories (Harihara, Ganapati, gunda) when the king was not in the fort.
1199 : Mahadeva dies fighting Yadavas of Devagiri to release his Son Ganapatideva.
1199 AD - 1261 AD: Ganpatideva
General : Recherla Rudra
Rebellions arise in the kingdom but these are crushed by the Kakatiya general, Recherla Rudra and ruled the Kingdom in the absence of Ganapatideva.
1208 AD : Devagiri-Yadava king Singhana states that Ganapati was liberated,' apparently from some confinement, by Singhana's father, Jaitrapala I, and his kingdom handed over to him.
Recharla Rudra has the title of 'Kakatiyarajya stapanacharya'.
Ganapatideva was greatest among all Kakatiya rulers and ruled for a long period.
Raja Ganapatideva was the most powerful and eminent ruler of the dynasty who expanded the kingdom from the coastal Bay of Bengal in the east to the holy city of Kancheepuram in the south. Well versed in art and culture and literary pursuits, Kakatiya kings were great builders too. The Chalukyan style of temple architecture and decorative skill in sculpting greatly flourished and improved during their reign. These mighty kings were benevolent, egalitarian and able administrators - having democratic outlook in their governance.
Ganapatideva completed building Orugallu (Warangal) and shifted the capital from Hanumakonda to Warangal.
Started Inner or stone wall of Warangal.
March 31, 1213 AD : Contruction of Ramappa Temple Completed by Recharla Rudra during Ganapatideva reign.
Ramappa Cheruvu, Pakala Cheruvu, Lakkavaram Cheruvu were dug during Ganapatideva reign
Having no sons, Ganpatideva hands over the reigns of his kingdom to his daughter, Rudramadevi.
1261 AD - 1289 AD : Rudramadevi
General : Recherla Prasaditya Nayak, Mallikarjuna Nayak
General : Recherla Prasaditya Nayak, Mallikarjuna Nayak
1269 : Father Ganapati Deva death.
Completed Inner or stone wall of Warangal.
1280 : Uma Maheshwaram Inscription - Ramayyangar accountant of queen's treasury built number of temples and Mathas for Saiva devotees. His wife Malasani also involved in this pious work.
1289 : The queen dies along with her general Mallikarjuna Nayak, fighting the Kayastha chief, Ambadeva on Nov 27, 1289 according to the inscription found in Chandupatla.
1289 AD - 1323 AD: Prataparudra
General : Recherla Vennama Nayak, Eradacha Nayak and Naladacha Nayak
Prataparudra suppresses internal and external challenges and expands his kingdom westwards.
Completed Inner or stone wall of Warangal.
1280 : Uma Maheshwaram Inscription - Ramayyangar accountant of queen's treasury built number of temples and Mathas for Saiva devotees. His wife Malasani also involved in this pious work.
1289 : The queen dies along with her general Mallikarjuna Nayak, fighting the Kayastha chief, Ambadeva on Nov 27, 1289 according to the inscription found in Chandupatla.
1289 AD - 1323 AD: Prataparudra
General : Recherla Vennama Nayak, Eradacha Nayak and Naladacha Nayak
Prataparudra suppresses internal and external challenges and expands his kingdom westwards.
The UmaMaheshwara inscription of Mada I refers to the conquest of Bhills of Daca, general of Prataparudra.This may have taken place during the campaign of Muppidi Nayaka on Kanchi, during which camping he defeated Manne chiefs. The description of this conquest in the record is couched in slesha and it seems to import that these wild tribes were called ambers.
1296 : The Delhi Sultanate, Jalaluddin Khilji had begun conquering the region of the Deccan Plateau in 1296 during the time when Juna Khan, later to be known as Alauddin Khilji, nephew and son-in-law of Jalaluddin had plundered Devagiri in Maharashtra.
1303 : First Muslim Invasion against Kakatiyas. He wards off the first attack by Malik Kafur in 1303, during the Islamic conquest of India which is centred on the Delhi sultanate Allauddin Khilji.
1309 - 1310 : Second Muslim Invasion in 1309 by Malik Kafur general of Delhi Sultanate Alauddin Khalji, capture Siripur and Hanumakonda, and the kingdom ravaged forcing Prataprudra to sue for peace.
Alauddin Khalji got Kohinoor diamond from Pratap Rudradeva of Warangal.
1316 AD : Malik Kafur masterminded the death of Alauddin Khilji in 1316 and blinded the heir apparent Khizr Khan and Shadi Khan. Mubarak Khan, Khilji's third son escaped the blinding attempt and later Malik was assassinated by his soldiers whom he sent to blind Mubarak.
1303 : First Muslim Invasion against Kakatiyas. He wards off the first attack by Malik Kafur in 1303, during the Islamic conquest of India which is centred on the Delhi sultanate Allauddin Khilji.
1309 - 1310 : Second Muslim Invasion in 1309 by Malik Kafur general of Delhi Sultanate Alauddin Khalji, capture Siripur and Hanumakonda, and the kingdom ravaged forcing Prataprudra to sue for peace.
Alauddin Khalji got Kohinoor diamond from Pratap Rudradeva of Warangal.
1316 AD : Malik Kafur masterminded the death of Alauddin Khilji in 1316 and blinded the heir apparent Khizr Khan and Shadi Khan. Mubarak Khan, Khilji's third son escaped the blinding attempt and later Malik was assassinated by his soldiers whom he sent to blind Mubarak.
Kakatiya general Muppidi Nayaka drove out the Kerala kings from Kanchipuratn
1317 A, D. Sundara Pandya arranged a service in the Vridhachalam temple in ho:nour of the Kakatiya general Muppidi Nayaka. Kakatiya general Davarinayaka drove out Kerala king Ravivarman Kulaiekhara and Keraja Vira Pandya from &n Rangam and established the younger brother Sundara Pandya on the throne at Viradhavalam near Tiruchchirappallt (while the elder brother Vira Paadya. continued his reign from Madura). The Kerala kings retired to Travancore.
1318 - 1319 : Third Muslim Invasion when Mubarak Khilji was the Delhi Sultan.
1318 - 1319 : Third Muslim Invasion when Mubarak Khilji was the Delhi Sultan.
1320 : Prataprudra reasserts his independence as the Khilji dynasty ends and the Tughlaqs come to power in Delhi.
1323 : Ulugh Khan sacked Warangal, thus ending the Kakatiya dynasty. The fourth and fifth Muslim invasion took place against Kakatiyas in 1323, Sultan Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq sends his son, "Ulug Khan" alias "Junakhan" alias "Mohammad Bin Tuglak" to defeat the defiant Kakatiya king. The attack is repulsed. Tughlaqs return a month later with a larger and more determined army. The unprepared and battle-weary Kakatiya army at Warangal is finally defeated, and Prataparudra is taken prisoner.
It is said that he commits suicide by drowning himself in the River Narmada, while on his way to Delhi.
With Prataprudra’s demise, Kakatiya rule comes to an end. Later, the Musunuri Nayaks who had served as army chiefs for the Kakatiya kingdom, unite the Telugu people and recover Warangal from Delhi. They rule the region for half a century.
Prataprudra’s brother, Annamdev, sets up his own kingdom at Bastar, Chattisgad.
References:
http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsFarEast/IndiaKakatiyas.htm
Historical sketches of ancient Dekhan, by K. V. Subrahmanya Aiyer.
A history of the Deccan. By J. D. B. Gribble
http://historum.com/blogs/civfanatic/5408-kakatiyas-telangana-part-i-early-chiefs-956-1116.html
Social and Cultural Life in Medieval Andhra
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S3XpacKY9uI
https://archive.org/stream/IHistorumQJHVol.3No.1/[I]%20HistorumQJH%20vol.%203-no.1_djvu.txt
Comments
Post a Comment