Telangana360

Tughyani Sitambar: When the Musi Swallowed Hyderabad (1908) The Catastrophe That Redefined a City and Its Relationship with Water A night the city never forgot | Updated with historical research and engineering insights Remembering the Great Musi Flood: A City Underwater, A Legacy Reborn Before Hyderabad became a city of flyovers, IT corridors, and glass towers, it stood helpless against nature's fury. In the early hours of September 28, 1908 , the Musi River—usually a modest lifeline—turned into a roaring wall of death. What followed was not just a flood, but a catastrophe that reshaped the city's geography, governance, and collective memory forever. The Perfect Storm: Meteorological Conditions The 1908 flood resulted from unprecedented meteorological conditions. A deep depression in the Bay of Bengal converged with moist southwesterly winds from the Arabian Sea, creating a ...

The Malyala Chiefs: The Sword-Arm of the Kakatiyas Overview: The Malyala dynasty (1076 – 1276 CE) was a formidable line of military commanders ( Senani ) and feudal lords. They were the premier "Sword-Arm" of the Kakatiya Empire, responsible for pivotal victories in Coastal Andhra and the management of strategic southern frontiers. Capitals: Sankisapura (Dornakal) and Vardhamanapura (Bhoothpur). Key Forts: Kondaparthi, Dharanikota, Budapuram. 1. Origins and Rise The dynasty rose during the Western Chalukya era with Danna Senani . They were initially "Lords of the Town of Malyala" before being granted larger territories. Following their success as king-makers and protectors, the family expanded into two strategic branches to manage the growing Kakatiya borders. 2. The Lineage of Rulers Danna Senani c. 1076 – 1120 CE The Dynastic Founder: Known as the "Lord of the town of Ma...

The Viriyala Chiefs: Lords of the Koravi Frontier Strategic Geography: The Viriyala family ruled from Katukuru (Jangaon) and Gudur (Mahabubabad). They controlled the Velpugonda-24 Seema , a vital military sub-division within the Koravi-Mandala . This region served as the "Shield of Telangana," protecting the interior from eastern invasions. 1. The Political Landscape: Neighbors of the Viriyalas The Viriyala chiefs were the military anchors of a complex network of Samantas . During the peak of the Western Chalukya era (c. 1100 CE), their neighbors included: North The Polavasa Chiefs: Hereditary lords of Sabbimandala-1000 (Jagtial/Karimnagar). While they held land rights, Kakatiya Beta II was granted the Imperial Governorship of this Mandala by Vikramaditya VI. West The Kakatiyas: Ruling Anumakonda-Vishaya . The Viriyalas were their primary protectors and "King-Makers." South The Kandu...

The Permadi Chiefs of Koraprolu (Medak) The Permadi Chiefs (c. 973 – 1158 CE) were a resilient feudatory lineage governing the Methuku-70 region (modern-day Medak). Operating from their capital at Koraprolu , they served as the strategic backbone of the Western Chalukyan administration within the vast Savalakha-Mandala province. Key Historical Significance: They oversaw the profound transformation of the Medak region from a military fodder station into a prosperous "rice bowl." Their 180+ years of rule provided the administrative continuity necessary for the agricultural revolution that defined central Telangana. 1. Origins and Rise Following the collapse of the Rashtrakuta Empire in 973 CE, the Western Chalukya King Tailapa II appointed the Permadi family as Mahamandaleshvaras . They were tasked with securing the Kasavula-70 (a 70-village cluster), which served as a vital buffer zone for the Chalukyan heartland. 2. Ru...

Karimnagar (Sabbi-nadu): The Unabridged Dynastic & Administrative Record 1. Asmaka Mahajanapada (c. 700 – 300 BCE) The Godavari Cradle — Kotilingala Karimnagar was the undisputed political and commercial nucleus of the Asmaka Mahajanapada . While Bodhan was the spiritual/royal seat, Kotilingala served as the primary river-port and mint, governed by a sophisticated oligarchy of merchant-warriors. The First Local Rulers: Gana-Mukhyas Governance was centered on the Nigama (Guild) system, where clan leaders managed the flow of goods along the Godavari: The River Lords: Based at Kotilingala , they controlled the "Dakshinapatha" (Southern Trade Route) where it crossed the Godavari. The Mint Masters: Karimnagar holds the earliest evidence of indigenous coinage in Telangana. These leaders managed the transition from barter to a monetized economy. The Fort-Keepers: They maintained the first mud-fortificat...