Nizamabad (Indur): Unabridged Dynastic & Local Governance Record
1. Asmaka Mahajanapada (c. 700 – 300 BCE)
Administrative Unit: Potali-Sutta (Imperial Core).
Local Rulers: The Asmaka House (Kings Brahmadatta and Aruna).
Governance: Sovereign monarchy supported by a Parishad (Council of Ministers). The region was the political center of the South. Management focused on iron-ore extraction and the "Potali" mint.
2. Mauryan Empire (c. 300 – 232 BCE)
Administrative Unit: Dakshinapatha Ahara (Southern Province).
Local Rulers: Mauryan Aryaputras (Princes) stationed at Suvarnagiri; governed locally through Mahamatras.
Governance: Centralized bureaucratic rule. First formal census and tax collection systems. Trade routes protected by imperial Antapalas (Border Guards).
3. Satavahana Dynasty (c. 232 BCE – 208 CE)
Administrative Unit: Mahisha-Mandala.
Local Rulers: The Maharathis and Mahabhojas (Local hereditary lords).
Governance: Managed as an Ahara (District). Bodhan became a Nigama (Market-City) managed by Nigama-Sabhas (Guild Councils) of merchants called Sethis.
The Fragmented Frontier: Overlapping Dynasties (208 – 340 CE)
Following the Satavahana collapse, Indur was partitioned among military successors managing the land through different philosophies.
4. Ikshvakus of Vijayapuri (c. 208 – 320 CE)
Territorial Focus: South-Eastern Indur (Toward the Krishna-Godavari doab).
Local Rulers: Vasiṣṭhiputra Śāntamūla; local governance by Kulakas (Clan heads).
Governance: Managed Indur as a transit point for the textile trade. Utilized Buddhist Viharas as administrative hubs for record-keeping.
Vihara-Administration5. Abhira Dynasty (c. 208 – 280 CE)
Territorial Focus: Western Indur (Corridors toward Maharashtra/Nasik).
Local Rulers: Isvarasena (King); administration by Mahasenapatis (Great Commanders).
Governance: Nomadic military-heavy rule. Focused on the cattle-economy and securing passes for trade caravans.
Mahasenapati Governance6. Mahisha Saka Chutu Dynasty (c. 208 – 310 CE)
Territorial Focus: Central and Northern Indur (Bodhan-Kondapur belt).
Local Rulers: Rano Chutukulananda and Sivalananda.
Governance: Most urbanized of the three. Managed the Iron/Steel trade of Bodhan. Issued Lead and Potin coinage with "Horse" and "Hill" symbols.
Lead-Currency Economy7. Pallava Dynasty (c. 310 – 340 CE)
Administrative Unit: Mundarastra (Northern Province).
Local Rulers: Virakurcha; local Adhyakshas (Supervisors).
Governance: Attempted to convert fragmented zones into structured Devabhoja (Temple-lands). Pushed rivals out of the fertile Godavari valley.
Temple-Village Grants8. Vakataka Dynasty (c. 340 – 483 CE)
Administrative Unit: Asmaka-Rashtra (Revival of ancient name).
Local Rulers: Sarvasena (Vatsagulma branch); managed by Feudatory chiefs.
Governance: Heavy focus on Agraharas. Shifted governance from market-guilds to "Landed Gentry" (scholars managing agriculture).
9. Vishnukundina Dynasty (c. 380 – 611 CE)
Administrative Unit: Frontier of Trikuta-Malaya.
Local Rulers: Madhav Varma II; local administration by Vishayapatis.
Governance: Decentralized through Desaratas (Local kings acknowledging Vishnukundina suzerainty).
10. Badami Chalukya Dynasty (611 – 753 CE)
Administrative Unit: Indur-Vishaya (Official entry of "Indur" in records).
Local Rulers: Pulakeshin II; local administration by Alupa or Sindha clans.
Governance: Formalized the "Vishaya" (District) system. The Vishayapati held full judicial and revenue powers.
11. Rashtrakuta Dynasty (753 – 973 CE)
Administrative Unit: Savalakha-7000 (Province); Podana-Nadu (Sub-division).
Local Rulers: The Vemulawada Chalukyas (True local sovereigns).
Governance: Indur was the "gateway" to the capital at Bodhan. Managed through Gavundas (Village heads).
12. Vemulawada Chalukyas (753 – 973 CE)
Status: Independent local branch (Feudatories of Rashtrakutas).
Local Rulers: Vinayaditya Yuddhamalla I, Baddega, Arikesari II.
Governance: Introduced Jain Jinalaya administration where temples managed irrigation lands. Bridge between Kannada and Telugu cultures.
13. Kalyani Chalukyas (973 – 1163 CE)
Administrative Unit: Kandur-Sime / Indur-Vritti.
Local Rulers: Tailapa II; local rule by Polavasa Chiefs (Medaraja I).
Governance: Restored Agrahara system. Governance was heavily militarized against the rising Kakatiyas.
14. Kakatiya Dynasty (1163 – 1323 CE)
Administrative Unit: Indur-Nadu.
Local Rulers: Rudradeva to Prataparudra; local rule by Gunda Nayaka and Recherla Nayaks.
Governance: Nayankara System. State-appointed Nayakas replaced hereditary lords and governed from Indur Fort.
15. Tughlaq Dynasty (1323 – 1336 CE)
Administrative Unit: Shiq of Sultanpur.
Local Rulers: Ulugh Khan; local Muqaddams (Village heads).
Governance: Harsh military extraction to supply southern campaigns.
16. Musunuri Nayaks (1325 – 1368 CE)
Administrative Unit: Independent Indur Fort.
Local Rulers: Kapaya Nayaka.
Governance: Restoration of "Nadu" system. Revived temple endowments and repaired the "Chain of Tanks."
17. Recherla Nayaks (1360 – 1475 CE)
Administrative Unit: Rachakonda-Devarakonda Sime.
Local Rulers: Singama Nayaka and Anapota Nayaka.
Governance: Managed through Vatara (fort-based administration). Focus shifted to hill-forts for defense.
18. Sirpur-Chanda Gond Dynasty (c. 1310 – 1751 CE)
Administrative Unit: Gondwana-Indur Border.
Local Rulers: Kol Bhill, Khandkia Ballal Shah.
Governance: Tribal administration based on Persa Pen (Clan) worship and forest revenue.
19. Bahmani Sultanate (1350 – 1518 CE)
Administrative Unit: Tarafs of Bidar.
Local Rulers: Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah; rule by Tarafdars (Governors).
Governance: Introduction of Indo-Persian land measurements.
20. Qutb Shahi Dynasty (1518 – 1687 CE)
Administrative Unit: Sarkar Indur.
Local Rulers: Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah; local rule by Deshmukhs and Deshpandes.
Governance: Revenue managed through Mustajirs (Tax farmers). Promoted Indigo and Turmeric trade.
21. Mughal Empire (1687 – 1724 CE)
Administrative Unit: Subah Hyderabad; Sarkar Indur.
Local Rulers: Mughal Mansabdars and Faujdars.
Governance: Zabit system (land measurement and cash tax). Resistance from local Zamindars.
22. Sardar Sarvayi Papanna Goud (1709 – 1710 CE)
Status: Rebel Sovereign (7 months at Golconda/Indur).
Local Ruler: Sarvayi Papanna.
Governance: Egalitarian revolt. Distributed power to Bahujans, challenging the feudal elite.
23. Asaf Jahi Dynasty (1724 – 1948 CE)
Administrative Unit: Zilla Nizamabad (Renamed 1905).
Local Rulers: Nizams; managed by Talukdars and Jagirdars (e.g., Paigah estates).
Governance: Zilabandi system. Modernized via civil service and the Nizam's State Railway.
24. Hyderabad State & Indian Union (1948 – Present)
Administrative Unit: Nizamabad District.
Local Rulers: Elected Representatives.
Governance: Abolition of Jagirdari (1949). Collectorate system. 2016 reorganization bifurcated district into Nizamabad and Kamareddy.
- P.V.P. Sastry: "Inscriptions of Nizamabad District" (1984).
- G. Yazdani: "The Early History of the Deccan" (1960).
- I.K. Sarma: "Coinage of the Satavahana Empire" (Chutu and Abhira lead coins).
- B.N. Sastry: "Vishnukundinulu" & "Recherla Padmanayakas."
- Imperial Gazetteer: "Hyderabad State" (1909).
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