🪧 THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA
Supreme Law creating all governance structures | 📖 Complete Guide
Legislature (Art 79-122, 168-212)
Role: Law Making Body
Union: Parliament (Lok Sabha & Rajya Sabha)
State: Legislative Assembly & Council
Executive (Art 52-78, 153-167)
Role: Law Enforcement & Administration
Political: PM, CM, Cabinet Ministers
Permanent: Bureaucrats (IAS, IPS)
Judiciary (Art 124-147, 214-231)
Role: Law Interpretation & Justice
Apex: Supreme Court → High Courts → District Courts
President (Art 52-62)
Nominal Head of Union (Part V). All executive actions taken in their name.
Governor (Art 153-162)
Nominal Head of State (Part VI). Appointed by President, acts on CM advice.
PM (Art 74-75) & CM (Art 163-164)
Real Executives leading Council of Ministers, policy decisions, accountable to Legislature.
Union List (Art 246 + 7th Sch List I)
97 Subjects: Defence, Railways, Banking, Foreign Affairs, Currency, Atomic Energy.
State List (Art 246 + 7th Sch List II)
66 Subjects: Police, Public Health, Agriculture, Land Revenue, Local Bodies, Liquor.
Concurrent List (Art 246 + 7th Sch List III)
47 Subjects: Education, Forests, Marriage, Adoption, Trade Unions, Electricity.
Chief Minister (Art 163-164)
De Facto Head of State Government (Part VI). Appointed by Governor from majority party leader in Assembly.
Key Powers (Art 164)
Appoints Ministers: Recommends to Governor, allocates portfolios, chairs cabinet meetings.
Crisis Manager: Law & order, disaster management (State List subjects).
Members of Parliament (Art 79-81)
National Voice of State in Parliament (Lok Sabha/Rajya Sabha).
Key Roles: Secure central funds (Finance Commission), represent state interests nationally.
Governor (Art 153-167)
De Jure Head: Appointed by President (Art 155). NITI Aayog, Zonal Councils representative.
Art 167: CM communicates cabinet decisions. Acts on CM advice (Art 163).
Cabinet Secretary (Art 77)
Head of IAS: Senior-most civil servant, coordinates all central ministries, reports to PM.
Chief Secretary (Art 166)
Head of State IAS: Coordinates all state departments under CM direction.
District Collector (Art 233-237)
District CEO: Revenue, law & order, development (All India Services).
MRO & MPDO (73rd Amendment)
Revenue & Development: Mandal Revenue Officer + Mandal Panchayat Officer (Art 243G).
Sarpanch (Art 243B)
Gram Panchayat Head: Elected village leader (73rd Amendment, Part IX).
Postmaster/GDS
Last Mile Delivery: Pensions, MGNREGA, DBT via India Post Payments Bank.
MP Local Area Development
Central Funds: ₹5 Crore annually per MP from Union Budget (MoRD).
TG Flow: MP recommends → Funds to DMHO/District Collector → Executes via RDOs.
Track: mplads.gov.in (real-time).
TS MLA Constituency Fund
State Funds: ₹3 Crore/year per MLA (TS Budget 2025-26) via Finance Dept.
TG Flow: MLA recommends → District Collector sanctions → RDO/MPDO executes.
Track: TS Treasury portal + District Collectorate websites. TS IFMS Portal
Collector as Nodal Officer
TS Control: Receives MP/MLA funds in District Treasury (IFMS integrated).
Process: G.O.Ms → Tech sanction (EE/RDO) → e-Tender → Geo-tagged UC.
Joint Monitoring (TG)
Monthly DC Meetings: MLA/MP + Collector + DE/EE inspect (Rythu Bharosa format).
Transparency: TS e-Seva + District portals + MPLADS national portal.
(Art 280)
Constitutional Body: Recommends tax devolution (41% share), grants-in-aid every 5 years from Consolidated Fund.
(Art 268-276 + State List)
Own Taxes: Stamp Duty (268), Excise (State List), Land Revenue, Vehicle Tax, Professional Tax.
(Art 270 + DBT)
Central Schemes: Tax devolution (270), DBT for Rythu Bandhu, Pensions, Scholarships via PFMS.
Panchayati Raj (3 Levels)
- 1. Zilla Parishad – District Level
- 2. Mandal Parishad – Block Level
- 3. Gram Panchayat – Village Level
Municipal Institutions
- 1. Municipal Corporation – Large Cities
- 2. Municipality – Medium Towns
- 3. Nagar Panchayat – Transitional
Power flows from the Constitution → President/PM → Governor/CM → District → Mandal → Village → Citizen.
Comments
Post a Comment