The four volumes of Epigraphia Telanganica reveal a rich hydrography of medieval Telangana. Rivers and streams were not mere geographical features — they defined political boundaries, enabled irrigation ( nadi-matrika ), became sacred pilgrimage sites ( tirthas ), and anchored royal inscriptions. Below is a comprehensive list drawn from copper plates and stone records. 1. Major River Systems Godavari (Gautami) – Called Gautami in inscriptions. Religious centers like Mantrakuta (Manthani) and Kalesvaram flourished on its banks. It marked the northern boundary of the Kakatiya kingdom and the Vishnukundin territory. Settlements such as Kundavaram and Vilasa were founded here. Krishna (Krishnaveni / P…

📜 Inscriptions across all four volumes | Western Chalukya & Kakatiya dynasties | Compiled from Vol-I to Vol-IV The inscriptions across all four volumes of Epigraphia Telanganica provide a detailed view of the complex taxation and revenue systems of medieval Telangana, particularly under the Western Chalukya and Kakatiya dynasties. Taxes were categorized as land revenue, trade and customs duties, professional levies, and miscellaneous social fees 1. Major Tax Categories The sources distinguish between several primary types of revenue: Siddaya: A fixed land tax or revenue assessment. 📖 Siddaya was a fixed land tax assessed as a consolidated cash payment per unit of land…

📜 Based on epigraphic records — trade guilds, irrigation tanks, temple patronage, and taxation rights (1067–1336 CE) In the medieval inscriptions of Telangana, the title Setti (alternately spelled Sethi, Setty, or Chetty ) refers to a powerful merchant and trading class. Far from ordinary traders, the Settis dominated economic life through organized guilds ( Nakara ), funded massive irrigation works, built temples, and held direct control over trade taxes. 📌 Epigraphic insight: “The Setti community was not only vital to the economy through the Nakara (merchant guilds) but was also a primary source of civic and religious patronage, responsible for constructing irrigation works, temples, an…

Mancherial district was created out of Adilabad district in 2016 during the general reorganization of districts in Telangana. The district headquarters is located at Mancherial town. It is surrounded by Komaram Bheem, Nirmal, Jagtial, Peddapalli and Bhupalpally districts of Telangana and with Maharashtra state. Mancherial is said to get its name from the term ‘Manchi Revu’ as the place is on the banks of river Godavari. It is believed that later Manchi Revu was westernized as Mancherial. Mancherial is previously called as "GARMILLA".  Jurassic Period Yamanapalli or Vemanpalli Dinosaur Fossil Yamanapalli Dinosaur Fossil of Kotasaurus Yamanpalliensis, 16-foot-high (over 5 metres in heig…

A 13th-century military lineage from the Nalgonda and Khammam regions Introduction The Meluganti (Melugantu/Meluguntu) family were a prominent clan of high-ranking military subordinates ( Nayakas ) who served the Kakatiya dynasty during the 13th century, primarily under the great King Ganapatideva . Their history, reconstructed from stone inscriptions, reveals their role as dedicated feudatories, temple patrons, and loyal servants to both the Kakatiya throne and their own family lineage in present-day Telangana. 1. The Meluganti Brothers at Vadapalli (A.D. 1211) The most detailed record of the family comes from an inscription at Vadapalli (Miryalaguda Taluk, Nalgonda District). Dated to A.D. 1211 …