Telangana360

Karimnagar (Sabbi-nadu): The Unabridged Dynastic & Administrative Record 1. Asmaka Mahajanapada (c. 700 – 300 BCE) The Godavari Cradle — Kotilingala Karimnagar was the undisputed political and commercial nucleus of the Asmaka Mahajanapada . While Bodhan was the spiritual/royal seat, Kotilingala served as the primary river-port and mint, governed by a sophisticated oligarchy of merchant-warriors. The First Local Rulers: Gana-Mukhyas Governance was centered on the Nigama (Guild) system, where clan leaders managed the flow of goods along the Godavari: The River Lords: Based at Kotilingala , they controlled the "Dakshinapatha" (Southern Trade Route) where it crossed the Godavari. The Mint Masters: Karimnagar holds the earliest evidence of indigenous coinage in Telangana. These leaders managed the transition from barter to a monetized economy. The Fort-Keepers: They maintained the first mud-fortificat...

Warangal (Orugallu-Sime): The Unabridged Dynastic & Administrative Record 1. Asmaka Mahajanapada (c. 700 – 300 BCE) Central Godavari Core — Potana (Bodhan) In the early Iron Age, the Warangal-Karimnagar sector was the industrial heart of Asmaka . Governance was decentralized, led by a council of elders who managed the first large-scale irrigation and iron-smelting operations in South India. The First Local Rulers: Gana-Mukhyas The plateau was governed by the Gana-Mukhyas (Clan Leaders), who held ancestral rights to specific territories: The Clan Elders: Based in fortified settlements like Kotilingala and early sites in Hanumakonda . They were the primary decision-makers for resource sharing and tribal defense. Lords of the Smelters: They controlled the early iron foundries of the Mulugu forests. The surplus iron produced here was traded with the Northern Mahajanapadas (Magadha, Avanti) in exchange for ...