Warangal (Orugallu-Sime): The Unabridged Dynastic & Administrative Record 1. Asmaka Mahajanapada (c. 700 – 300 BCE) Central Godavari Core — Potana (Bodhan) In the early Iron Age, the Warangal-Karimnagar sector was the industrial heart of Asmaka . Governance was decentralized, led by a council of elders who managed the first large-scale irrigation and iron-smelting operations in South India. The First Local Rulers: Gana-Mukhyas The plateau was governed by the Gana-Mukhyas (Clan Leaders), who held ancestral rights to specific territories: The Clan Elders: Based in fortified settlements like Kotilingala and early sites in Hanumakonda . They were the primary decision-makers for resource sharing and tribal defense. Lords of the Smelters: They controlled the early iron foundries of the Mulugu forests. The surplus iron produced here was traded with the Northern ...
Telangana History, Culture and Travel