Paleozoic Era 541 – 252 Million Years Ago | The Age of Ancient Marine Life Cambrian · Ordovician · Silurian · Devonian · Carboniferous · Permian · Gondwana · Marine Fossils AI depiction of ancient marine life during the Paleozoic Era The Paleozoic Era – meaning "ancient life" – was a time of dramatic biological and geological change. It began with the Cambrian Explosion (~541 million years ago), when most major animal groups first appeared in the fossil record, and ended with the Permian-Triassic extinction (~245 million years ago), the most severe extinction event in Earth's history. This era witnessed the evolution of fish, amphibians, reptiles, and the first land plants, …

2.5 – 0.541 Billion Years Ago | The Age of Supercontinents Columbia · Rodinia · Pannotia · Gondwana · Snowball Earth · Ediacaran Biota · Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt AI depiction of the Proterozoic Earth – supercontinents, shallow seas, and the first complex life The Proterozoic Eon is the last eon of the Precambrian Super-Eon, spanning from 2.5 billion years ago to the beginning of the Phanerozoic Eon 541 million years ago . It was a time of significant geological and biological developments – the formation of the first supercontinents, the rise of oxygen in the atmosphere, and the emergence of the first complex, multicellular life. During the Proterozoic, the Earth underwent dramatic …

4.0 – 2.5 Billion Years Ago | The Age of Cratons and the Dawn of Life First Continents · Dharwar Craton · Stromatolites · Cyanobacteria · Great Oxidation Event · Banded Iron Formations AI depiction of the Archean Earth – volcanic landscapes, shallow seas, and stromatolites The Archean Eon spans from 4.0 to 2.5 billion years ago and represents one of the most critical periods in Earth's history. During this time, the first continents began to form, the first stable cratons (including the Dharwar Craton – the geological foundation of Telangana) stabilised, and life emerged and evolved – from simple single-celled organisms to the first oxygen-producing cyanobacteria that transformed the…

4.5 – 4.0 Billion Years Ago | Earth's Fiery Birth Accretion · Differentiation · Moon Formation · Lava Oceans · Late Heavy Bombardment · First Atmosphere Artist rendition of a molten, early Earth during the Hadean Eon. Photo: EneryEducation The Hadean Eon – named after Hades , the Greek god of the underworld – represents Earth's earliest geological period, spanning from the planet's formation around 4.5 billion years ago to about 4.0 billion years ago . This was a time of extreme conditions – a molten, airless, waterless world battered by constant impacts – a stark contrast to the blue planet we know today. During the Hadean, the Earth was a volatile, hellish world . The sur…

Mesozoic Era 252 – 66 Million Years Ago | The Age of Reptiles in Telangana Triassic · Jurassic · Cretaceous · Pangea Breakup · Dinosaurs · Deccan Traps · Gondwana Artist's reconstruction of Kotasaurus – a sauropod that roamed Telangana ~165 million years ago The Mesozoic Era – meaning "middle life" – is often called the Age of Reptiles . It spanned from about 252 to 66 million years ago and is divided into three periods: the Triassic , Jurassic , and Cretaceous . This was the era when dinosaurs dominated the Earth, when the supercontinent Pangea began to break apart, and when the Indian subcontinent embarked on its long northward journey across the Tethys Ocean. For Telanga…